CHESS：高分辨率远紫外Spectroscopy的创新概念
CHESS: an Innovative Concept for High-Resolution, Far-UV Spectroscopy
摘要：
空间紫外线（UV）是一个重要的天文观测窗口，其中大量的原子，离子和分子特征提供了对行星，星际，恒星，星系间和河外物体的重要洞察力。下一代大型空间望远镜需要高灵敏度、中高分辨率的紫外光谱仪。然而，在紫外线敏感的观察是困难的，因为紫外线的光学性能和成像效率落后于在可见光和红外线制度的同行。这在历史上导致了简单的，低反弹的仪器，以增加灵敏度。在这项研究中，我们提出了一个简单的，高分辨率，高吞吐量的远紫外光谱仪的设计，制造和校准-科罗拉多高分辨率阶梯恒星光谱仪（CHESS）。CHESS是一个探空火箭有效载荷，用于演示下一代紫外线空间望远镜的仪器设计。我们目前的几个国家的最先进的衍射光栅和探测器技术的性能测试和结果的远紫外天文应用，乘坐国际象棋的前两次迭代飞行。利用CHESS光谱仪通过吸收光谱研究了星际介质（ISM）中半透明云区的原子-分子跃迁。前两次飞行观察了室女座α和英仙座α的视线，并给出了飞行结果。
英文摘要：
The space ultraviolet (UV) is a critical astronomical observing window, where a multitude of atomic, ionic, and molecular signatures provide crucial insight into planetary, interstellar, stellar, intergalactic, and extragalactic objects. The next generation of large space telescopes require highly sensitive, moderate-to-high resolution UV spectrograph. However, sensitive observations in the UV are difficult, as UV optical performance and imaging efficiencies have lagged behind counterparts in the visible and infrared regimes. This has historically resulted in simple, low-bounce instruments to increase sensitivity. In this study, we present the design, fabrication, and calibration of a simple, high resolution, high throughput far-UV spectrograph - the Colorado High-resolution Echelle Stellar Spectrograph (CHESS). CHESS is a sounding rocket payload to demonstrate the instrument design for the next-generation UV space telescopes. We present tests and results on the performance of several state-of-the-art diffraction grating and detector technologies for far-UV astronomical applications that were flown aboard the first two iterations of CHESS. The CHESS spectrograph was used to study the atomic-to-molecular transitions within translucent cloud regions in the interstellar medium (ISM) through absorption spectroscopy. The first two flights looked at the sightlines towards alpha Virgo and epsilon Persei, and flight results are presented.
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