Silicon, sulfur and iron in the interstellar medium: a high-resolution X-ray spectral study of GX 340+0
University of Chicago(芝加哥大学);MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology(麻省理工学院卡弗里天体物理学与空间研究所);SRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research(荷兰空间研究所);University of Michigan(密歇根大学);European Space Agency (ESA), European Space Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC)(欧洲空间局(ESA)欧洲空间研究与技术中心(ESTEC))
Daniele Rogantini, Claude Canizares, Elisa Costantini, Liyi Gu, Missagh Mehdipour, Ioanna Psaradaki, Norbert S. Schulz, Sascha T. Zeegers
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13 pages, 5 Figures, Accepted for publication in ApJ
High-resolution X-ray spectroscopy provides a powerful probe of the interstellar medium (ISM), giving direct access to the composition and physical state of dust grains and atomic species in dense environments. We present a study of the gas and dust along the line of sight to the bright low-mass X-ray binary GX 340+0, which samples higher-density gases in the ISM. Using deep Chandra/HETG spectra, we characterize X-ray absorption fine structure from dust, gas absorption lines, and the optical depths of the Si, S, and Fe K-edges. By fitting these three edges simultaneously, we reduce degeneracies in the dust composition and find that amorphous olivine dominates the fractional contribution among the dust columns ($\sim$65%), followed by metallic iron ($\sim$19%), iron sulfides (pyrrhotite and troilite; $\sim$10%), and fayalite ($\sim$5%), with the remaining species contributing only a few percent in total. From the inferred stoichiometry, we estimate that $\sim$74% of Fe is associated with silicates, $\sim$8% with sulfides, and $\sim$18% with metallic iron, suggesting that Fe is predominantly incorporated in iron rich silicate grains along this sightline. We detect S ii absorption and infer a sulfur dust fraction of $\sim$35%. We also detect absorption structure near the Ca and Ar K edges, highlighting the need for improved atomic photoabsorption data. The Chandra/HETG spectral resolution remains essential to disentangle dust and gas contributions at the Si and S K edges, providing a benchmark for dust characterization in high-density regions in the ISM.
Thermally irreversible sulfur chemisorption on silicate grains as a major sulfur reservoir in molecular clouds
Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University(北海道大学低温科学研究所);Department of Chemistry, Hiroshima University(广岛大学化学系);Departamento de Astrofísica Molecular, Instituto de Física Fundamental, CSIC(西班牙国家研究委员会基础物理研究所分子天体物理学部);RIKEN Pioneering Research Institute(理研先锋研究机构)
A quest for sulfur-bearing refractory species. Identification of CaS in the interstellar medium
Centro de Astrobiología (CAB), CSIC-INTA(天体生物学中心(CAB),西班牙国家研究委员会-国家航空航天技术研究所);Institut de Ciències de l’Espai (ICE), CSIC(空间科学研究所(ICE),西班牙国家研究委员会);Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC)(加泰罗尼亚空间研究学院(IEEC));Department of Astronomy, University of Florida(佛罗里达大学天文学系);I. Physikalisches Institut, Universität zu Köln(科隆大学第一物理研究所);Observatorio Astronómico Nacional (OAN)(国家天文台(OAN))
Water enhances the formation of refractory sulfur in interstellar ices
Centro de Astrobiología (CAB), INTA-CSIC(西班牙国家航空航天技术研究所-西班牙国家科学研究委员会天体生物学中心);Departamento de Física de la Tierra y Astrofísica, Facultad de Ciencias Físicas, Universidad Complutense de Madrid(马德里康普顿斯大学物理科学学院地球与天体物理学系);Instituto de Química Física Blas Cabrera (CSIC)(西班牙国家科学研究委员会布拉斯·卡布雷拉物理化学研究所);Department of Physics, National Central University(中原大学物理系)
Where Have All the Sulfur Atoms Gone? Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbon as a Possible Sink for the Missing Sulfur in the Interstellar Medium. I. The C--S Band Strengths
A detection of sulfur-bearing cyclic hydrocarbons in space
Max-Planck-Institut für extraterrestrische Physik(马克斯·普朗克地外物理研究所);Centro de Astrobiología (CAB), CSIC-INTA(西班牙国家航空航天技术研究所/西班牙高等科学研究理事会天体生物学中心);RIKEN(理化学研究所)
Abundances of planetary nebulae and evolved stars: Iron and sulfur depletion, and carbon and nitrogen enrichment, in low- and intermediate-mass stellar populations in the Milky Way
Reaction Mechanisms and Kinetics of CN and CCH with H2CS: Implications for Interstellar Sulfur Chemistry
De Vinci Higher Education, De Vinci Research Center(德文奇高等教育中心,德文奇研究中心);Institut Supérieur des Arts Multimédia de la Manouba, Université de la Manouba(马努巴多媒体艺术学院,马努巴大学);Faculté des Sciences de Tunis, Laboratoire de Physique de la Matière Condensée, Université Tunis El Manar(突尼斯理学院,凝聚态物质物理实验室,突尼斯埃尔曼纳尔大学);Observatoire de Paris, Université PSL, CNRS-UMR 8112, LUX(巴黎天文台,巴黎文理研究大学,法国国家科学研究中心联合研究单位8112,LUX);Department of Physics, College of Khurma University, Taif University(物理系,库尔玛学院,塔伊夫大学)
Modeling the UV-photon irradiation of CS$_2$-bearing ices in the laboratory with the pyRate gas-grain astrochemical code. New insights into the missing sulfur problem
Max-Planck-Institut für Extraterrestrische Physik (MPE)(马克斯·普朗克地外物理研究所);Centro de Astrobiología (CSIC-INTA)(天体生物学中心(西班牙国家科学技术研究委员会-国家航空航天技术研究所))
High Radiation Pressure on Interstellar Dust Computed by Light-Scattering Simulation on Fluffy Agglomerates of Magnesium-silicate Grains with Metallic-iron Inclusions
A first view of interstellar Fe-bearing dust grains with XRISM
European Space Agency (ESA), European Research and Technology Centre (ESTEC)(欧洲航天局(ESA),欧洲研究与技术中心(ESTEC));MIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research(麻省理工学院卡弗里天体物理学与空间研究所);Department of Astronomy, University of Michigan(密歇根大学天文系);SRON Space Research Organisation Netherlands(荷兰空间研究组织 SRON);Anton Pannekoek Institute for Astronomy, University of Amsterdam(阿姆斯特丹大学安东·潘内克天体物理研究所);Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago(芝加哥大学天体物理学系);Department of Physics, Hiroshima University(广岛大学物理系);Department of Astronomy, University of Maryland(马里兰大学天文系);NASA / Goddard Space Flight Center(美国国家航空航天局戈达德太空飞行中心);Department of Physics, University of Arkansas(阿肯色大学物理系);Center for Astrophysics — Harvard & Smithsonian(哈佛-史密森尼天体物理中心);Advanced Research Laboratories, Tokyo City University(东京都市大学先进研究实验室);Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency(日本宇宙航空研究开发机构宇宙科学研究所)
Centro de Astrobiología (CAB), CSIC-INTA(西班牙天体生物学中心(CAB),西班牙国家航空航天技术研究所与西班牙高等科学研究委员会联合);Universidad Complutense de Madrid(马德里康普顿斯大学);Astrophysik/I. Physikalisches Institut, Universität zu Köln(科隆大学第一物理研究所天体物理学部);Institut de Ciències de l’Espai (ICE), CSIC(空间科学研究所,西班牙高等科学研究委员会);Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC)(加泰罗尼亚太空研究所);Department of Astronomy, University of Florida(佛罗里达大学天文系)
Experimental and computational studies of the hydrogenation of carbon disulfide (CS2) on ice analogues
Institute of Low Temperature Science, Hokkaido University(北海道大学低温科学研究所);Instituto de Fisica Fundamental, CSIC(西班牙国家科学研究理事会基础物理研究所);Observatorio Astronómico Nacional (OAN)(国家天文台);Observatorio de Yebes, IGN(伊耶韦斯天文台,国家地理研究所)