量子结构的右手涡流效应与边界诱导的涡流泵效应
Chiral vortical effect and boundary-induced vortical pumping in finite Weyl systems
AI总结：
研究揭示了右手涡流效应的量子起源，通过旋转Weyl费米子的精确解，发现涡流响应由磁化电流主导，同时揭示了边界条件下的额外效应，即传输轴向电荷的右手模式。
摘要：
右手涡流效应（CVE）——由旋转驱动的轴向电流——出现在从相对论流体到Weyl半金属的系统中，但其量子起源仍不清楚，因为现有推导是半经典性的。本文给出了旋转Weyl费米子在有限圆柱中的精确量子解。我们证明了 bulk 涡流响应完全由磁化电流组成，而旋转轴上的电流密度保持有限并与半经典预测一致。对于自旋极化边界条件，我们发现了除已知CVE之外的额外效应：一组稳健的右手模式，在旋转角度Δθ下传输轴向电荷，ΔQ=χN²Δθ/4π，其中χ是Weyl节点手性，N是右手模式数量。泵浦不依赖温度、费米能级和Weyl速度，但依赖于UV敏感的数N。这些结果建立了CVE的完整量子图景，并揭示了Weyl系统中涡流响应下的边界强制的右手频谱结构。
英文摘要：
The chiral vortical effect (CVE) -- an axial current driven by rotation in chiral matter -- appears in systems ranging from relativistic fluids to Weyl semimetals. We present a quantum treatment of a rotating Weyl fermion in a finite cylinder that reproduces the on-axis current density obtained by Vilenkin in an infinite system, while revealing two new phenomena. First, we find that the cross-sectional averaged current density vanishes in the thermodynamic limit, establishing that the bulk vortical response is purely a magnetization current. Second, for spin-polarized boundary conditions, we uncover a robust family of chiral modes that transport axial charge, $ΔQ=χN^2Δθ/4π$, under rotation by angle $Δθ$, where $χ$ is the Weyl node chirality and $N$ is the number of chiral modes. The pump is independent of temperature, Fermi level, and Weyl velocities, but depends on the UV-sensitive number $N$. These results clarify the quantum structure of the bulk CVE and reveal a boundary-enforced chiral spectral structure underlying vortical response in Weyl systems.
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