AI 中文总结
针对手征涡旋效应现有半经典描述的局限，构建全量子表述，揭示其非平衡本质及费米分布成立的条件，发现多种量子现象，且半金属体系更易实验验证。
AI 中文摘要
手征涡旋效应（CVE）是旋转的外尔费米子中产生轴向电流的现象，目前其描述基于半经典框架。本研究构建了CVE的完全量子表述，通过求解含自旋微观波函数的精确演化，可对不同参考系下的半经典理论及假设分布$f_{\text{CVE}}$开展自下而上的定量检验。值得注意的是，研究表明$f_{\text{CVE}}$存在于无基态的Floquet能谱上，与热平衡分布（即费米形式$f_F$）有本质区别，凸显CVE是一种非平衡现象，与其他手征输运不同。仅当三个条件同时满足时，$f_F$才近似成立：（1）慢旋转$ωR/v_F\tt{1}$，（2）高化学势$μ/(\bar{v}_F R)\tt{1}$，（3）各向同性对称性，其中$R$为体系尺寸，$v_F$为费米速度。在这些条件下，该理论可复现已有的半经典结果，包括电流响应系数和磁化贡献；否则会揭示出“空穴态”、偏离半经典公式$j_{\text{CVE}} \tt{μ}^2$、与$v_F$无关的电荷泵浦等量子现象。该理论基于半金属体系，相比基本外尔粒子更易通过实验检测。
英文摘要
The chiral vortical effect (CVE) is the generation of an axial current in a rotating Weyl fermion; its description is presently based on semiclassical frameworks. In this work, we develop a fully quantum formulation for CVE, solving the exact evolution of microscopic spinful wavefunctions, which enables a bottom-up quantitative test of semi-classical theories and postulated distributions $f_{\text{CVE}}$ in different reference frames. Notably, it shows that $f_{\text{CVE}}$ is over a ground-state-free Floquet spectrum, qualitatively distinct from a thermal equilibrium distribution (i.e., fermi form $f_F$), underscoring CVE as a non-equilibrium phenomenon, distinguished from other chiral transports. The $f_F$ only approximately holds when three conditions are simultaneously fulfilled: (1) slow rotation $ωR/v_F\ll 1$, (2) high chemical potential $μ/(\hbar v_F R)\gg 1$, (3) isotropic symmetry, where $R$ is the size, $v_F$ is fermi velocity. In these conditions, the theory recovers established semiclassical results, including the current-response coefficients and the magnetization contribution; otherwise, it uncovers quantum phenomena such as ``void states", deviation from the semiclassical formula $j_{\text{CVE}} \sim μ^2$, a $v_F$-independent charge pumping. The theory is based on semimetals, providing more experimentally accessible detection than fundamental Weyl particles.
Comments22 pages, 10 figures
