Merging binary black holes embedded in gaseous environments, such as supermassive black hole binaries following gas-rich galaxy mergers, are promising sources of multi-messenger transients in the upcoming age of space-based gravitational wave detections. In case a gravitational radiation recoil is imparted to the merger remnant, subsequent interactions between the recoiled black hole and its circumbinary disk may lead to unique post-merger electromagnetic counterparts. We present the first general relativistic magnetohydrodynamic simulations of a recoiling black hole interacting with a magnetically arrested circumbinary disk the evolution of which has been consistently tracked through the inspiral phase. We show that the post-merger accretion dynamics, depending on the recoil geometry, exhibits qualitatively disparate jet and disk behavior. For recoils perpendicular to the disk, the inner disk remains gravitationally bound and sustains relativistic jets, while in-plane recoils lead to copious shock heating and potential jet quenching for black holes directly colliding with the disk. Oblique recoils, on the other hand, produce intermittent outbursts from jet-disk interactions owing to the tilt introduced in the accretion disk. Multi-wavelength monitoring of these electromagnetic counterparts, in conjunction with the coincident gravitational wave detection, will be able to aid in characterizing the physical conditions of the merger environment.
Remnant recoil and host environments of GWTC-4.0 binary black-hole mergers
Universitat de les Illes Balears(巴利阿里群岛大学);Nicolaus Copernicus Astronomical Center, Polish Academy of Sciences(波兰科学院尼古拉·哥白尼天体物理中心);University of Warsaw(华沙大学);Max Planck Institute for Astrophysics(马克斯·普朗克天体物理学研究所);Institut de Ciències de l’Espai (ICE, CSIC)(空间科学研究所(ICE,CSIC))
We explore different gauge choices in the moving puncture formulation in order to improve the accuracy of a linear momentum measure evaluated on the horizon of the remnant black hole produced by the merger of a binary. In particular, motivated by constant values studies, we design a gauge via a variable shift parameter $mη(\vec{r}(t))$ such that it takes a low asymptotic (and at the orbiting punctures) value, while about the standard value of 2 at the final hole horizon. This choice then follows the remnant black hole as it moves due to its net recoil velocity. We find that this choice keeps t…
The remnants of binary black hole mergers can be given recoil kick velocities up to $5,000\text{ km s$^{-1}$}$ due to anisotropic emission of gravitational waves. E1821+643 is a recoiling supermassive black hole moving at $\sim 2,100\text{ km s$^{-1}$}$ along the line-of-sight relative to its host galaxy. This suggests a recoil kick of $\sim 2,240\text{ km s$^{-1}$}$. Such a kick is powerful enough to eject E1821+643 from its $M_\text{gal}\sim 2 \times 10^{12}\text{ M}_{\odot}$ host galaxy. In this work, we address the question: what are the likely properties of the progenitor binary that form…
Merger remnant and eccentricity dynamics surrogates for eccentric nonspinning black hole binaries
University of Massachusetts, Dartmouth(麻省大学达特茅斯分校);Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics(Albert Einstein Institute)(马克斯·普朗克引力物理研究所(爱因斯坦研究所));Cornell University(康奈尔大学);University of California Santa Barbara(加州大学圣塔芭芭拉分校);California State University Fullerton(加州州立大学富勒顿分校);Northwestern University(西北大学)
The contribution of young core-collapse supernova remnants to the X-ray emission near quiescent supermassive black holes
在超大质量黑洞(SMBH)附近经常发现可观的恒星形成,因此也有大量的大质量恒星。因此,在这些区域也应该预期有核心坍缩的超新星。在本文中,我们考虑的观测后果预测的命运超新星遗迹(SNRs)的影响范围内的静止SMBH。我们提出了这些结果的背景下,“自给自足”的核,一个模型,描述静态的核稳定状态和自给自足的环境中的SMBH吸积恒星风没有明显的流入的材料超出了影响范围。这些区域具有与SMBH的质量成比例的性质,例如气体密度。使用的X射线寿命的SNRs起源于影响范围的预测,我们作出的核心崩溃SNRs在给定的时间存在的数量的估计。随着对信噪比的寿命及其与年轻恒星的关联的了解,我们预测了一些核心坍缩的信噪比,从银河系(4.3 x 10^6 Msun)SMBH周围的~1增长到最高质量(10^10 Msun)SMBH周围的~100。年轻的SNR的存在将放大附近的静态SMBHs的X射线发射,我们表明,总的核心崩溃SNR发射有可能影响软X射线搜索非常低的光度SMBHs。我们的SNR寿命估计也使我们能够预测这些地区的恒星形成率。假设大质量恒星处于稳定的补充状态,我们估计银河系SMBH周围的恒星形成率密度为2 x 10^-4 Msun/yr/pc^2,由于SMBH对质量的依赖性较弱,其他SMBH周围的恒星形成率密度也类似。这一数值与目前的观测结果一致。
The first and second Gravitational Wave Transient Catalogs by the LIGO/Virgo Collaboration include $50$ confirmed merger events from the first, second, and first half of the third observational runs. We compute the distribution of recoil kicks imparted to the merger remnants and estimate their retention probability within various astrophysical environments as a function of the maximum progenitor spin ($χ_{\rm max}$), assuming that the LIGO/Virgo binary black hole (BBH) mergers were catalyzed by dynamical assembly in a dense star cluster. We find that the distributions of average recoil kicks a…
Unified remnant models for aligned-spin, precessing, and eccentric binary black hole mergers
Kavli Institute for Theoretical Physics, University of California Santa Barbara(加州大学圣塔芭芭拉分校卡弗里理论物理研究所);Weinberg Institute, University of Texas at Austin(德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校温伯格研究所);Department of Physics and Institute for AI & Computational Research, University of Rhode Island(罗德岛大学物理与人工智能及计算研究院);Department of Physics and Center for Scientific Computing & Data Science Research, University of Massachusetts, Dartmouth(马萨诸塞大学达特茅斯分校物理与科学计算及数据科学研究中心)
The final black hole left behind after a binary black hole merger can attain a recoil velocity, or a "kick", reaching values up to 5000 km/s. This phenomenon has important implications for gravitational wave astronomy, black hole formation scenarios, testing general relativity, and galaxy evolution. We consider the gravitational wave signal from the binary black hole merger GW200129_065458 (henceforth referred to as GW200129), which has been shown to exhibit strong evidence of orbital precession. Using numerical relativity surrogate models, we constrain the kick velocity of GW200129 to $v_f \s…
Recoil-regulated extreme mass-ratio inspirals in AGN disks
University of Florida(佛罗里达大学);Institute of Science and Technology Austria(奥地利科学技术研究院);Columbia University(哥伦比亚大学);Shanghai Astronomical Observatory(上海天文台)
通过半解析模型和蒙特卡洛模拟,发现双星形成、层级并合和反冲踢从根本上调控了 AGN 盘中极端质量比旋进的形成,预测 LISA 探测率约 1-30 yr⁻¹,且可探测事件优先出现在年轻 AGN 中。
Swift coalescence of supermassive black holes in cosmological mergers of massive galaxies
超大质量黑洞(SMBH)在具有相当大质量的星系中无处不在。据推测,一对最初位于两个合并星系核中的SMBH将形成一个双星,并最终通过引力波的爆发而合并。到目前为止,理论模型和模拟已经无法直接预测的SMBH合并的时间尺度从头计算星系形成理论,只集中在有限的阶段的SMBH的轨道衰减的理想条件下的星系主机。预测的SMBH合并时间尺度很长,是Gyrs级的,这可能对未来的引力波搜索造成问题。在这里,我们提出了第一个多尺度的$Λ$ CDM宇宙学模拟,遵循轨道衰变的一对SMBH在合并的两个典型的大质量星系在$z\sim3$,所有的方式,以最终的合并驱动的引力波发射。质量为$\sim10^{8}$ M $_{\odot}$的两个SMBH迅速地沉降在合并残余物的核中。由于合并的耗散性质和高红移星系的内在致密性,残余物是三轴的,并且非常致密。这样的性质自然允许SMBH二进制的非常有效的硬化。SMBH合并发生在银河系核心合并后的$\sim10$百万年内,比哈勃时间小两个数量级。
We investigate the broad line profiles emitted from a system supermassive binary black hole (SMBBH) having elliptical orbits and low mass ratio of $m_2/m_1\sim 0.1$. Our model assumes a super Eddington accretion flow in the case of a smaller component, whereas the massive component has very small or negligible accretion, therefore supposing that no broad line region (BLR) is attached to it. Thus, the proposed SMBBH system contains one moving BLR, associated with the less massive component and one circum-binary BLR. We study the effect of different total mass of the system (ranging from 10$^6$ …
Can direct collapse black holes launch gamma-ray bursts and grow to supermassive black holes?
The existence of black holes (BHs) of mass ~ 10^{9} M_sun at z > 6 is a big puzzle in astrophysics because even optimistic estimates of the accretion time are insufficient for stellar mass BHs of ~ 10 M_sun to grow into such supermassive BHs. A resolution of this puzzle might be the direct collapse of supermassive stars with mass M ~ 10^{5} M_sun into massive seed BHs. We find that if a jet is launched from the accretion disk around the central BH, the jet can break out the star because of the structure of the radiation pressure-dominated envelope. Such ultra-long gamma-ray bursts with duratio…
Sub-TeV Singlino Dark Matter in light from Sagittarius A$^\ast$ and LUX-ZEPLIN Nuclear-Recoil Event
School of Physical Sciences, Indian Association for the Cultivation of Science(印度科学培养协会物理科学学院);Institute of Physics(物理研究所);Homi Bhabha National Institute(霍米·巴巴国立研究所);Department of Physics, Acharya Institute of Technology(阿查里亚理工学院物理系)