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arXiv 2603.26488quant-ph
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Hong-Ou-Mandel测试验证实现诱骗态Bennett-Brassard 1984协议的量子密钥分发发射机输出态的不可区分性

Hong-Ou-Mandel test to verify indistinguishability of the states emitted from a quantum key distribution transmitter implementing decoy Bennett-Brassard 1984 protocol

Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University(北海道大学信息科学技术研究生院);Faculty of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University(北海道大学信息科学技术学部);NEC Corporation(日本电气株式会社);National Institute of Information and Communications Technology(国立情报学研究所)

Shunya Tajima, Akihisa Tomita, Atsushi Okamoto

AI总结:

本文提出基于Hong-Ou-Mandel干涉的实用方法,通过实验验证高速QKD发射机中不同调制态脉冲的不可区分性,确保协议安全性。

摘要:

量子密钥分发系统需要对器件属性进行严格验证以确保实现安全性。一个关键要求是不同调制模式编码的传输脉冲的不可区分性,因为通过非编码自由度的可区分性可能导致未被检测到的窃听。我们提出了一种基于Hong-Ou-Mandel干涉的实用方法,用于测试QKD发射机中的脉冲不可区分性。我们建立了SWAP测试与HOM测量在表征量子态保真度方面的理论等价性,证明了HOM可见度直接与相位随机化弱相干脉冲的密度矩阵乘积的迹相关。我们使用实现诱骗态BB84协议、时间箱编码、工作频率为1.25 GHz的高速QKD发射机,实验验证了该方法。使用超导纳米线单光子探测器测量了不同Bennett-Brassard 1984态(X0、X1、Y0、Y1)制备的相邻脉冲之间的HOM干涉。在所有态组合中观察到的HOM可见度约为0.3,未检测到统计显著差异。这些结果确认了调制不会损害我们发射机中脉冲的不可区分性。HOM测试提供了一种实用的量子光学方法,用于QKD系统的安全认证,无需对特定自由度做出假设,仅使用标准光纤组件和单光子探测器。

英文摘要:

Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) systems require rigorous verification of device properties to ensure implementation security. A critical requirement is the indistinguishability of transmitted pulses encoded by different modulation patterns, as distinguishability through non-encoded degrees of freedom could enable undetected eavesdropping. We present a practical method for testing pulse indistinguishability in QKD transmitters based on Hong-Ou-Mandel (HOM) interference. We establish the theoretical equivalence between the SWAP test and HOM measurement for characterizing quantum state fidelity, demonstrating that HOM visibility directly relates to the trace of density matrix products for phase-randomized weak coherent pulses. We experimentally validated this approach using a high-speed QKD transmitter implementing the decoy BB84 protocol with time-bin encoding at 1.25 GHz. HOM interference was measured between adjacent pulses prepared in different Bennett-Brassard 1984 states (X0, X1, Y0, Y1) using superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors. The observed HOM visibility was approximately 0.3 across all state combinations, with no statistically significant differences detected. These results confirm that modulation does not compromise pulse indistinguishability in our transmitter. The HOM test provides a practical, quantum-optical method for security certification of QKD systems without requiring assumptions about specific degrees of freedom, using only standard fiber-optic components and single-photon detectors.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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