生命起源的正式物理框架：耗散驱动的进化复制体选择
A Formal Physical Framework for the Origin of Life: Dissipation-Driven Selection of Evolving Replicators
AI总结：
本文提出基于非平衡系统统计物理的正式物理框架，解释生命起源中耗散驱动的复制体选择机制，通过数学证明展示复制体通过突变和适应实现超指数增长。
摘要：
从无机物质中出现生命是一个热力学挑战：热力学第二定律规定整体趋向无序，但生命是局部高度组织的区域。本文提出一个基于非平衡系统统计物理的正式物理框架，用于解释生命起源。我们从耗散与过程概率（如Crooks波动定理）的已知联系转向系统历史可能性的大偏差框架。该形式化揭示了历史中更大积分耗散的概率偏倚。随后展示这种偏倚如何导致遗传性选择。核心论点是严格数学命题，表明简单自催化导致耗散指数增长，而模板引导复制通过突变和适应（从中推导出有效适应率α）解锁超指数增长路径。这转化为时间相对概率的双指数放大，构成渐近主导的物理偏倚。该框架描述了从简单耗散结构到信息承载复制体的分层转变，其稳定性取决于超越保真度、动能效率和资源供应的临界阈值。最后提出一个精确、定量且可检验的实验，定义识别合成化学系统中进化过程起始点的精确数学特征。
英文摘要：
The emergence of life from inanimate matter presents a thermodynamic challenge: the Second Law of Thermodynamics dictates a global trend towards disorder, yet life constitutes localized pockets of profound organization. This paper presents a formal physical framework for abiogenesis grounded in the statistical physics of non-equilibrium systems. We transition from the established connection between dissipation and process probability (e.g., Crooks Fluctuation Theorem) to a large-deviation framework for the likelihood of system histories. This formalism reveals a probabilistic bias towards histories with greater integrated dissipation. We then demonstrate how this bias leads to the selection of heredity. The core of our argument is a rigorous mathematical proposition showing that while simple autocatalysis leads to an exponential increase in dissipation, template-directed replication, via its capacity for mutation and adaptation (a process from which we derive an effective adaptation rate, alpha), unlocks a super-exponential growth pathway. This translates to a doubly-exponential amplification in the relative probability of its emergence over time, constituting an asymptotically dominant physical bias for its selection. This framework delineates a hierarchical transition from simple dissipative structures to information-bearing replicators, whose stability is contingent upon exceeding critical thresholds of fidelity, kinetic efficiency, and resource supply. We conclude by proposing a refined, quantitative, and falsifiable experiment, defining a precise mathematical signature for identifying the onset of evolutionary processes in synthetic chemical systems.
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