Unconventional magnetism has typically been classified into two fundamental classes: even-parity magnets (EPMs) and odd-parity magnets (OPMs). These two classes exhibit identical and opposite spin splittings, respectively, under momentum inversion, while both maintain symmetry-compensated magnetization. In this Letter, we present a unified spin space group-based framework that establishes comprehensive symmetry criteria for both classes. Our framework not only yields a complete classification of EPMs and OPMs but also uncovers a wealth of new symmetry-driven mechanisms for them. Specifically, we classify both classes into three types based on their spin textures: collinear (type-I), coplanar (type-II), and noncoplanar (type-III), and we demonstrate that both classes can be realized across collinear, coplanar, and noncoplanar magnetic orders. We identify eight distinct symmetry-driven mechanisms for OPMs and seven for EPMs, among which some paradigms of unconventional magnetism, for instance, altermagnets naturally emerge as one specific mechanism of EPMs. Using these established criteria, we identify numerous candidate materials from the Magndata database, realizing some new symmetry mechanisms for OPMs and EPMs. Our work establishes a foundational symmetry framework for understanding, predicting, and designing unconventional magnetic materials.
Unconventional Magnetism: Symmetry Classification, Hybrid-parity and Unconstrained-parity Classes
Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Low-Energy Quantum Materials and Devices, High Magnetic Field Laboratory, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences(中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院);School of Physical Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University(内蒙古大学物理科学与技术学院);Institute of Physical Science and Information Technology, Anhui University(安徽大学物理与材料科学学院);Key Laboratory of Materials Physics, Institute of Solid State Physics, HFIPS, Chinese Academy of Sciences(中国科学院合肥物质科学研究院固体物理研究所);Research Center for Quantum Physics and Technologies, Inner Mongolia University(内蒙古大学量子物理与技术研究中心);Inner Mongolia Key Laboratory of Microscale Physics and Atomic Manufacturing, Inner Mongolia University(内蒙古微尺度物理与原子制造重点实验室);Centre for Quantum Physics, Key Laboratory of Advanced Optoelectronic Quantum Architecture and Measurement (MOE), School of Physics, Beijing Institute of Technology(北京理工大学物理学院)
Spin Quadrupolar orders in $d$-wave Unconventional Magnetism
Fudan University(复旦大学);New Cornerstone Science Laboratory, Department of Physics, School of Science, Westlake University(西湖大学理学院物理系新基石科学实验室);Department of Physics, Xiamen University(厦门大学物理系);Institute for Theoretical Sciences, Westlake University(西湖大学理论科学研究院);Key Laboratory for Quantum Materials of Zhejiang Province, School of Science, Westlake University(西湖大学理学院浙江省量子材料重点实验室);Institute of Natural Sciences, Westlake Institute for Advanced Study(西湖高等研究院自然科学研究院)
Theory of unconventional magnetism in a Cu-based kagome metal
Universität Würzburg(维尔茨堡大学);Istituto Officina dei Materiali, Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche(意大利国家研究委员会材料研究所);ETH Zürich(苏黎世联邦理工学院);University of Geneva(日内瓦大学);University of Technology Sydney(悉尼科技大学);Columbia University(哥伦比亚大学);University of Bologna(博洛尼亚大学)
Unconventional Mixed-Parity Magnetism in Rare-Earth Tetraborides
Chungnam National University(忠南国立大学);Institute for Sciences of the Universe, Chungnam National University(忠南国立大学宇宙科学研究所);Korea Military Academy(韩国军事学院);Kyungpook National University(庆北国立大学)
Drastic field-induced resistivity upturns as signatures of unconventional magnetism in superconducting iron chalcogenides
University of Oxford(牛津大学);Max Planck Institute for Solid State Research(马克斯·普朗克固体研究所);Institute of High-Pressure Physics, Polish Academy of Sciences(波兰科学院高压物理研究所);Institute for Quantum Materials and Technologies, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(卡尔斯鲁厄理工学院量子材料与技术研究所)
Signatures of unconventional magnetism in the layered metallic ferromagnet LaCrSb$_3$ from ferromagnetic resonance spectroscopy
Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden(德累斯顿莱布尼茨固体与材料研究所);TU Dresden(德累斯顿工业大学);Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram(印度科学教育与研究学院,特鲁万南普拉姆)
Spin dynamics and unconventional magnetism in insulating La$_{(1-2x)}$Sr$_{2x}$Co$_{(1-x)}$Nb$_{x}$O$_3$
我们研究了Sr/Nb共取代LaCoO $_3$的结构、磁性、输运和电子性质,La $_{(1-2x)}$ Sr $_{2x}$ Co $_{(1-x)}$ Nb $_{x}$ O $_3$使用x射线和中子衍射,直流和交流磁化,中子去极化,直流电阻率和光电发射测量。粉末X射线和中子衍射数据与Rietveld精细分析中的菱形晶体对称性(空间群\textit{R$\bar{3}$c})拟合良好。由磁化率数据分析计算的Co离子的有效磁矩($\approx$ 3.85~ $μ_B$)和平均自旋($\approx$ 1.5)与中自旋(IS)和高自旋(HS)态的Co离子3+态($\approx$ 50:50)一致,即Co $^{3+}$的自旋状态至少保持到$x=$ 0.1样品。有趣的是,相对于$x=$ 0样品,磁化强度值显著增加,并且M-H曲线显示出高达70 kOe的施加最大磁场的非饱和行为。的交流磁化率数据显示,在冻结温度与激发频率和详细的分析确认较慢的动态和非零值的Vogel-Fulcher温度T $_0$,这表明为集群自旋玻璃。不寻常的磁性行为表明在低温下存在复杂的磁相互作用。直流电阻率测量显示了所有样品的绝缘性质。而在$x=$ 0.05样品中,发现了相对较大的态密度$\approx$ 10 $^{22}$ eV $^{-1}$ cm $^{-3}$和较低的激活能$\approx$ 130…
Localized-itinerant dichotomy and unconventional magnetism in SrRu$_2$O$_6$
电子关联倾向于产生局部磁矩,如果晶格不太受挫折,这些磁矩通常是有序的。六方晶系化合物SrRu $_2$ O $_6$具有相对高的Neel温度,但局部磁矩较小,这似乎与$t_{2g}^3$构型中Ru $^{5+}$的标称价态不一致。本文采用密度泛函理论(DFT)结合动态平均场理论(DMFT)研究了SrRu $_2$ O $_6$的电子性质。我们发现,Ru $d$和O $p$状态之间的强杂化导致Ru价更接近$+4$,导致小有序矩$\sim1.2μ_B$。虽然这是一致的DFT预测,相关效应被发现发挥重要作用。在整个温度范围内,Ru原子的局部磁矩为有限的$\sim2.3μ_B$.由于较低的对称性,$t_{2g}$流形被分裂,准粒子重量在$a_{1g}$态中被重正化,而在$e_g'$态中的重正化大约弱2- 3倍。我们的理论Neel温度$\sim700$ ~K与实验观测值相当吻合。SrRu $_2$ O $_6$是一个独特的系统,其中本地化和巡回电子共存,接近轨道选择性莫特跃迁内的$t_{2g}$部门。
Frustration-driven unconventional magnetism in the Mn$^{2+}$ ($S=\frac{5}{2}$) based two-dimensional triangular-lattice antiferromagnet Ba$_{3}$MnTa$_{2}$O$_{9}$
A New Magnetic Topological Quantum Material Candidate by Design
当磁性与非常规的电子能带结构结合时,可以产生前沿的电子性质,例如量子反常霍尔效应、轴子电动力学和马约拉纳费米子。在这里,我们报告的表征高品质的晶体EuSn $_2$ P $_2$,一种新的量子材料,专门设计用于产生非常规的电子状态加上磁性。EuSn $_2$ P $_2$具有层状Bi $_2$ Te $_3$型结构。铁磁相互作用主导Curie-Weiss磁化率,但在30 K附近发生向反铁磁有序的转变。中子衍射表明,这是由于单个Eu层内的二维铁磁自旋对准和层间的反铁磁对准-这种磁性状态在低温下包围Sn-P层。体电阻率对磁性很敏感。电子结构计算表明,EuSn $_2$ P $_2$可能是一种强拓扑绝缘体,有望成为一种新的磁性拓扑量子材料(MTQM)的候选材料.计算表明,表面状态应该存在,他们确实观察到ARPES测量。
An integrated theoretical and numerical approach to understand modern experiments on quantum magnetism
The University of Hong Kong(香港大学);University of Tennessee(田纳西大学);Oak Ridge National Laboratory(橡树岭国家实验室);Institute of Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences(中国科学院物理研究所);University of Chinese Academy of Sciences(中国科学院大学)
Monopole-limited nucleation of magnetism in Eu$_{2}$Ir$_{2}$O$_{7}$
我们提出了一个深入的分析的μ子自旋谱测量的Eu $_{2}$ Ir $_{2}$ O $_{7}$的影响下的Eu $_{1-x}$ Bi $_{x}$等价和抗磁性替代以及外部压力。我们的研究结果表明,只有化学计量Eu $_{2}$ Ir $_{2}$ O $_{7}$在降低温度时,磁体积分数的缓慢增加,指向其中开发的磁相的高度非常规性质。我们认为,在Eu $_{2}$ Ir $_{2}$ O $_{7}$的磁性发展的基础上的磁液滴的成核在$T_{N}$,其连续的增长是有限的,需要一个连续的一代磁刺猬单极子。
Spin-orbit-entangled $J_{\rm eff}=\frac{1}{2}$ magnetism and unconventional spin freezing in the bond-disordered pyrochlore antiferromagnet NaCdCo$_2$F$_7$
Charles University(查理大学);Japan Atomic Energy Agency(日本原子能机构);ALBA Synchrotron Light Source(阿尔巴同步辐射光源);ISIS Neutron and Muon Source, Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, Science and Technology Facilities Council(ISIS中子与μ子源,卢瑟福阿普顿实验室,科学与技术设施委员会);Helmholtz-Zentrum Dresden-Rossendorf (HZDR)(德累斯顿-罗斯多夫赫尔霍兹中心)
Max Planck Institute for the Physics of Complex Systems(马克斯·普朗克复杂系统物理研究所);Max Planck Institute for Chemical Physics of Solids(马克斯·普朗克固体化学物理研究所);Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences(捷克科学院物理研究所)