Transforming rovibronic Hamiltonians of molecular systems from the $ΛS$ (Hund's case a) basis to the adiabatic $Ω$ representation is widely used to "remove" spin-orbit coupling (SOC) and enable single-state treatments of spectra and dynamics. We show that this simplification is only apparent: the SOC elimination necessarily generates sizeable non-adiabatic couplings (NACs) from the nuclear kinetic energy operator. Neglecting these spin-orbit-induced NACs causes severe errors in rovibronic energies and transition properties. Using an analytically tractable two electronic state model and high-accuracy variational benchmarks, we derive the exact conditions for numerical equivalence between $Ω$ and $ΛS$ formulations and quantify how missing NAC terms and bond-length-dependent spin factors degrade predictions. We implement a complete $Ω$-representation workflow in Duo for diatomics, fully transforming all Hamiltonian terms and enabling side-by-side $Ω$ vs $ΛS$ calculations. For common single-state pipelines (e.g., LEVEL), we provide diagnostics that flag unsafe regimes and practical remedies to restore accuracy. The results deliver actionable guidance for spectroscopy, photophysics, and kinetics: $Ω$-based single-state approximations are reliable only when interacting states are well separated in the Franck-Condon region; otherwise, explicit non-adiabatic terms are required - even for "forbidden" transitions.
Spin-orbit transitions in the N$^+$($^3P_{J_A}$) + H$_2$ $\rightarrow$ NH$^+$($X^2Π$, $^4Σ^-$)+ H($^2S$) reaction, using adiabatic and mixed quantum-adiabatic statistical approaches
用两种统计方法计算了N-$^+$($^3P_{J_A}$)所有自旋轨道态的反应截面和速率常数,一种是纯绝热方法,另一种是对入射通道进行混合量子俘获,对产物通道进行绝热处理.这是通过使用一个对称性调整的基础设置结合电子(自旋和轨道)和核角动量的反应物通道。为此,精确的{ \it从头计算}计算分别进行反应物和产品。在反应物通道中,三个最低的电子状态(没有自旋-轨道耦合)已被非线性化,并已通过一个模型引入自旋-轨道耦合,该模型将自旋-轨道相互作用定位在N $^+$原子中,与包括自旋-轨道耦合的{ \it ab initio}计算相比,该模型产生了准确的结果。用\it从头计算方法确定了产物的11个纯绝热自旋轨道态。由此获得的反应速率常数是非常好的协议与现有的实验数据为几个邻-H $_2$馏分,假设热初始分布的自旋轨道状态。获得了选定的自旋-轨道$J_A$态的速率常数,以提供适当的自旋-轨道效应的验证,从而获得实验速率常数。
Mixed quantum-classical dynamics on the exact time-dependent potential energy surface: A fresh look at non-adiabatic processes
精确的核含时势能面来自于电子和核运动的精确分解。Abedi,N. T. Maitra和E. K.联合总,物理修订版Lett 105,123002(2010)]。这种随时间变化的势驱动核运动,并完全解释了与电子子系统的耦合。我们在电子非绝热过程的背景下研究势的特征,并利用它来研究核动力学经典近似的性能。我们观察到的潜力,核波包分裂后,避免交叉,发展动力学步骤连接不同的区域,沿核坐标,在其中它有相同的斜率作为一个或另一个绝热表面。这些步骤的详细分析,提出了不同的非绝热耦合强度的系统。电子-核波函数的精确因式分解是分解的基础。特别地,核部分是真实的核波函数,解含时薛定谔方程并导致精确的多体密度和电流密度。因此,埃克塞特定理可以扩展到核子系统和哈密顿量,这里讨论的分析推导和数值结果。
The exact forces on classical nuclei in non-adiabatic charge transfer
[A]中提出的电子和核运动的分解。Abedi,N. T. Maitra和E. K.联合总,物理修订版Lett 105,123002(2010)]产生了驱动核运动并完全考虑到与电子子系统的耦合的时间相关势。在这里,我们表明,传播的一个独立的经典核轨迹的合奏在这个确切的潜在收益率动态,基本上是不可区分的模型非绝热电荷转移问题的确切的量子动力学。指出了准经典核波包在空间中通过两个Born-Oppenheimer曲面之间的避免交叉后,在精确势中台阶和凸块特征的重要性,并分析了它们的结构.最后,在轨迹表面跳跃过程的背景下,提出了一个分析的确切的潜力,包括初步调查的速度调整,和力诱导的退相干效应。
Reduced density matrix functional theory from an ab initio seniority-zero wave function: Exact and approximate formulations along adiabatic connection paths