The Wirtinger integral is one of the integral representations of the Gauss hypergeometric function. Its integrand can be regarded as a multivalued function on an elliptic curve. In this paper, we study an analogue of the Wirtinger integral on a hyperelliptic curve of genus two, introduced by Mizutani and Watanabe. We investigate the associated twisted homology and cohomology groups using the hyperelliptic involution and intersection forms.
We determine the splitting type of the Verlinde vector bundles in higher genus in terms of simple semihomogeneous factors. In agreement with strange duality, the simple factors are interchanged by the Fourier-Mukai transform, and their spaces of sections are naturally dual.
The Riemann-Wirtinger integral is an analogue of the hypergeometric integral, which is defined as an integral on a one-dimensional complex torus. We study the intersection forms on the twisted homology and cohomology groups associated with the Riemann-Wirtinger integral. We derive explicit formulas of some intersection numbers, and apply them to study the monodromy representation, connection problems, and contiguity relations.
We give an estimation for the arithmetic genus of an integral space curve, which are not contained in a surface of degree $k-1$. Our main technique is the Bogomolov-Gieseker type inequality for $\mathbb{P}^3$ proved by Macri.
We compute the integral Chow ring of the stack of smooth, non-hyperelliptic curves of genus three. We obtain this result by computing the integral Chow ring of the stack of smooth plane quartics, by means of equivariant intersection theory.
Let Γbe a finite group and (V,q) be a regular quadratic Γ-form defined over an integral domain $\mathcal{O}_S$ of a global function field (of odd characteristic). We use flat cohomology to classify the quadratic Γ-forms defined over $\mathcal{O}_S$ that are locally Γ-isomorphic for the flat topology to (V,q) and compare between the genus c(q) and the Γ-genus c_Γ(q) of q. We show that c_Γ(q) should not inject in c(q). The suggested obstruction arises from the failure of the Witt cancellation theorem for $\mathcal{O}_S$.
The arithmetic geometric mean algorithm for calculation of elliptic integrals of the first type was introduced by Gauss. The analog algorithm for Abelian integrals of genus 2 was introduced by Richelot (1837) and Humbert (1901). We present the analogous algorithm for Abelian integrals of genus 3.
In this paper we find an explicit formula for the number of topologically different ramified coverings $C\to\CP^1$ (C is a compact Riemann surface of genus g) with only one complicated branching point in terms of Hodge integrals over the moduli space of genus g curves with marked points.
In this paper we compute certain two-point integrals over a moduli space of stable maps into projective space. Computation of one-point analogues of these integrals constitutes a proof of mirror symmetry for genus-zero one-point Gromov-Witten invariants of projective hypersurfaces. The integrals computed in this paper constitute a significant portion in the proof of mirror symmetry for genus-one GW-invariants completed in a separate paper. These integrals also provide explicit mirror formulas for genus-zero two-point GW-invariants of projective hypersurfaces. The approach described in this pap…
We study higher genus Fan--Jarvis--Ruan--Witten theory of any chain polynomial with any group of symmetries. Precisely, we give an explicit way to compute the cup product of Polishchuk and Vaintrob's virtual class with the top Chern class of the Hodge bundle. Our formula for this product holds in any genus and without any assumption on the semi-simplicity of the underlying cohomological field theory.
We find a new presentation of the stack of hyperelliptic curves of odd genus as a quotient stack and we use it to compute its integral Chow ring by means of equivariant intersection theory.
We obtain mirror formulas for the genus 1 Gromov-Witten invariants of projective Calabi-Yau complete intersections. We follow the approach previously used for projective hypersurfaces by extending the scope of its algebraic results; there is little change in the geometric aspects. As an application, we check the genus 1 BPS integrality predictions in low degrees for all projective complete intersections of dimensions 3, 4, and 5.
Degenerate contributions to higher genus Gromov-Witten invariants of Calabi-Yau 3-folds are computed via Hodge integrals. The vanishing of contributions of covers of elliptic curves conjectured by Gopakumar and Vafa is proven. A formula for degree 1 covers for all genus pairs is computed in agreement with M-theoretic calculations of Gopakumar and Vafa. Finally, these results lead to a proof of a formula in the tautological ring of the moduli space of curves previously conjectured by Faber.
In this paper we introduce the stack of polarized twisted conics and we use it to give a new point of view on $\overline{\mathcal{M}}_2$. In particular, we present a new and independent approach to the computation of the integral Chow ring of $\overline{\mathcal{M}}_2$, previously determined by Eric Larson.
We calculate the hyperelliptic Hodge integral lambda_g lambda_{g-1} / (1 - psi) for use in arXiv:math/0702219. The proof uses the WDVV equations for the genus zero Gromov--Witten invariants of P(1,1,2).
We compute the Picard group of the moduli stack of smooth curves of genus $g$ for $3\leq g\leq 5$, using methods of equivariant intersection theory. We base our proof on the computation of some relations in the integral Chow ring of certain moduli stacks of smooth complete intersections. As a byproduct, we compute the cycle classes of some divisors on $\mathcal{M}_g$.
We study derived equivalences of certain stacks over genus $1$ curves, which arise as connected components of the Picard stack of a genus $1$ curve. To this end, we develop a theory of integral transforms for these algebraic stacks. We use this theory to answer the question of when two stacky genus $1$ curves are derived equivalent. We use integral transforms and intersection theory on stacks to answer the following questions: if $C'=Pic^d(C)$, is $C=Pic^f(C')$ for some integer $f$? If $C'=Pic^d(C)$ and $C''=Pic^f(C')$, then is $C''=Pic^g(C)$ for some integer $g$?
Fix integers $r,s_1,...,s_l$ such that $1\leq l\leq r-1$ and $s_l\geq r-l+1$, and let $\Cal C(r;s_1,...,s_l)$ be the set of all integral, projective and nondegenerate curves $C$ of degree $s_1$ in the projective space $\bold P^r$, such that, for all $i=2,...,l$, $C$ does not lie on any integral, projective and nondegenerate variety of dimension $i$ and degree $<s_i$. We say that a curve $C$ satisfies the {\it{flag condition}} $(r;s_1,...,s_l)$ if $C$ belongs to $\Cal C(r;s_1,...,s_l)$. Define $ G(r;s_1,...,s_l)=max\left\{p_a(C): C\in \Cal C(r;s_1,...,s_l)\right \}, $ where $p_a(C)$ denotes the…
Fix integers $r,d,s,π$ with $r\geq 4$, $d\gg s$, $r-1\leq s \leq 2r-4$, and $π\geq 0$. Refining classical results for the genus of a projective curve, we exhibit a sharp upper bound for the arithmetic genus $p_a(C)$ of an integral projective curve $C\subset {\mathbb{P}^r}$ of degree $d$, assuming that $C$ is not contained in any surface of degree $<s$, and not contained in any surface of degree $s$ with sectional genus $> π$. Next we discuss other types of bound for $p_a(C)$, involving conditions on the entire Hilbert polynomial of the integral surfaces on which $C$ may lie.
We give an explicit description of $\overline{\mathcal{M}}_{1,2}$ as a weighted blow-up of a weighted projective stack. We use this description to compute the Brauer group of $\overline{\mathcal{M}}_{1,2;S}$ over any base scheme $S$ where 6 is invertible, and the integral Chow rings of $\overline{\mathcal{M}}_{1,2}$ and $\mathcal{M}_{1,2}$.
For elliptic curves, expressions for the periods of elliptic integrals of the second kind in terms of theta-constants, have been known since the middle of the 19th century. In this paper we consider the problem of generalizing these results to curves of higher genera, in particular to a special class of algebraic curves, the so-called $(n,s)$-curves. It is shown that the representations required can be obtained by the comparison of two equivalent expressions for the projective connection, one due to Fay-Wirtinger and the other from Klein-Weierstrass. As a principle example, we consider the cas…
We give another solution to the class number one problem by showing that imaginary quadratic fields $\Q(\sqrt{-d})$ with class number $h(-d)=1$ correspond to integral points on a genus two curve $\mscrK_3$. In fact one can find all rational points on $\mscrK_3$. The curve $\mscrK_3$ arises naturally via certain coverings of curves:\ $\mscrK_3\rg\mscrK_6$,\ $\mscrK_1\rg\mscrK_2$\ with $\mscrK_2\colon y^2=2x(x^3-1)$ denoting the Heegner curve, also in connection with the so-called Heegner-Stark covering $\mscrK_1\rg\mscrK_s$.
We give explicit formulas for the Kawazumi-Zhang invariant and Faltings delta-invariant of a compact and connected Riemann surface of genus three. The formulas are in terms of two integrals over the associated jacobian, one integral involving the standard Riemann theta function, and another involving a theta function particular to genus three that was discovered by Frobenius. We review part of Frobenius' work on his theta function and connect our results with a formula due to Bloch, Hain and Bost describing the archimedean height pairing of Ceresa cycles in genus three.
We construct and study the reduced, relative, genus one Gromov--Witten theory of very ample pairs. These invariants form the principal component contribution to relative Gromov--Witten theory in genus one and are relative versions of Zinger's reduced Gromov--Witten invariants. We relate the relative and absolute theories by degeneration of the tangency conditions, and the resulting formulas generalise a well-known recursive calculation scheme put forward by Gathmann in genus zero. The geometric input is a desingularisation of the principal component of the moduli space of genus one logarithmic…
For any number field, we prove that there exists a stacky curve of genus one half defined over the ring of its integers violating the local-global principle for integral points.
We describe a computation of rational points on genus 3 hyperelliptic curves $C$ defined over $\mathbb{Q}$ whose Jacobians have Mordell-Weil rank 1. Using the method of Chabauty and Coleman, we present and implement an algorithm in Sage to compute the zero locus of two Coleman integrals and analyze the finite set of points cut out by the vanishing of these integrals. We run the algorithm on approximately 17,000 curves from a forthcoming database of genus 3 hyperelliptic curves and discuss some interesting examples where the zero set includes global points not found in $C(\mathbb{Q})$.
By means of an {\it ad hoc} modification of the so-called ``Castelnuovo-Harris analysis" we derive an upper bound for the genus of integral curves on the three dimensional nonsingular quadric which lie on an integral surface of degree $2k$, as a function of $k$ and the degree $d$ of the curve. In order to obtain this we revisit the Uniform Position Principle to make its use computation-free. The curves which achieve this bound can be conveniently characterized. Keywords: Castelnuovo-Harris Bound, Uniform Position Principle, Low Codimension, Linkage
Integrals of the Chern classes of the Hodge bundle in Gromov-Witten theory are studied. We find a universal system of differential equations which determines the generating function of these integrals from the standard descendent potential (for any target X). We use virtual localization and classical degeneracy calculations to find trigonometric closed form solutions for special Hodge integrals over the moduli space of pointed curves. These formulas are applied to two computations in Gromov-Witten theory for Calabi-Yau 3-folds. The genus g, degree d multiple cover contribution of a rational cu…
We construct a stacky curve of genus $1/2$ (i.e., Euler characteristic $1$) over $\mathbb{Z}$ that has an $\mathbb{R}$-point and a $\mathbb{Z}_p$-point for every prime $p$ but no $\mathbb{Z}$-point. This is best possible: we also prove that any stacky curve of genus less than $1/2$ over a ring of $S$-integers of a global field satisfies the local-global principle for integral points.
We prove a localization formula for virtual fundamental classes in the context of torus equivariant perfect obstruction theories. As an application, the higher genus Gromov-Witten invariants of projective space are expressed as graph sums of tautological integrals over moduli spaces of stable pointed curves (generalizing Kontsevich's genus 0 formulas). Also, excess integrals over spaces of higher genus multiple covers are computed.
Periods modulo $p$ of integer sequences associated with division polynomials of genus $2$ curves
Institute of Mathematics for Industry, Kyushu University（九州大学产业数学研究所）；Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, Kyoto University（京都大学理学部数学科）；Department of Mathematics, Cooperative Faculty of Education, Gunma University（群马大学教育学部协同数学科）；Department of Mathematics, Graduate School of Science, Kobe University（神户大学理学研究数理学科）；Department of Mathematical Sciences, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University（东京都立大学理学研究科数学科学系）
We conjecture a formula for the generating function of genus one Gromov-Witten invariants of the local Calabi-Yau manifolds which are the total spaces of splitting bundles over projective spaces. We prove this conjecture in several special cases, and assuming the validity of our conjecture we check the integrality of genus one BPS numbers of local Calabi-Yau 5-folds defined by A. Klemm and R. Pandharipande.
For the evaluation and inversion of abelian integrals we show that the image of the Abel-Jacobi map of genus less than 5 hyperelliptic curve in its Jacobian is the intersection of shifted theta divisors with specified shifts. Therefore the image is a solution of a (slightly overdetermined) set of equations in the Jacobian.
Hurwitz numbers, which count certain covers of the projective line (or, equivalently, factorizations of permuations into transpositions), have been extensively studied for over a century. The Gromov-Witten potential F of a point, the generating series for Hodge integrals on the moduli space of curves, has been a central object of study in Gromov-Witten theory. We define a slightly enriched Gromov-Witten potential G (including integrals involving one "lambda-class"), and show that after a non-trivial change of variables, G=H in positive genus, where H is a generating series for Hurwitz numbers.…
We show that the average size of the $2$-Selmer group of the family of Jacobians of non-hyperelliptic genus-$3$ curves with a marked rational hyperflex point, when ordered by a natural height, is bounded above by $3$. We achieve this by interpreting $2$-Selmer elements as integral orbits of a representation associated with a stable $\mathbb{Z}/2\mathbb{Z}$-grading on the Lie algebra of type $E_6$ and using Bhargava's orbit-counting techniques. We use this result to show that the marked point is the only rational point for a positive proportion of curves in this family. The main novelties are t…
We transform the positive-genus real Gromov-Witten invariants of many real-orientable symplectic threefolds into signed counts of curves. These integer invariants provide lower bounds for counts of real curves of a given genus that pass through conjugate pairs of constraints. We conclude with some implications and related conjectures for one- and two-partition Hodge integrals.
We compute rational points on genus $3$ odd degree hyperelliptic curves $C$ over $\mathbb{Q}$ that have Jacobians of Mordell-Weil rank $0$. The computation applies the Chabauty-Coleman method to find the zero set of a certain system of $p$-adic integrals, which is known to be finite and include the set of rational points $C(\mathbb{Q})$. We implemented an algorithm in Sage to carry out the Chabauty-Coleman method on a database of $5870$ curves.
In the paper we study two types of relations: a one is between the elliptic genus of Calabi-Yau manifolds and Jacobi modular forms, another one is between the second quantized elliptic genus, Siegel modular forms and Lorentzian Kac-Moody Lie algebras. We also determine the structure of the graded ring of the weak Jacobi forms with integral Fourier coefficients. It gives us a number of applications to the theory of elliptic genus and of the second quantized elliptic genus.
We compute the reduced genus 1 Gromov-Witten invariants of Calabi-Yau hypersurfaces. As a consequence, we confirm the 1993 Bershadsky-Cecotti Ooguri-Vafa (BCOV) prediction for the standard genus 1 GW-invariants of a quintic threefold. We combine constructions from a series of previous papers with the classical localization theorem to relate the reduced genus 1 invariants of a CY-hypersurface to previously computed integrals on moduli spaces of stable genus 0 maps into projective space. The resulting, rather unwieldy, expressions for a genus 1 equivariant generating function simplify drasticall…
The field of meromorphic functions on a sigma divisor of a hyperelliptic curve of genus $3$ is described in terms of the gradient of it's sigma function. Solutions of corresponding families of polynomial dynamical systems in $\mathbb{C}^4$ with two polynomial integrals are constructed as an application. These systems were introduced in the work of V. M. Buchstaber and A. V. Mikhailov on the basis of commuting vector fields on the symmetric square of algebraic curves.
Motivated by results for the HCIZ integral in Part I of this paper, we study the structure of monotone Hurwitz numbers, which are a desymmetrized version of classical Hurwitz numbers. We prove a number of results for monotone Hurwitz numbers and their generating series that are striking analogues of known results for the classical Hurwtiz numbers. These include explicit formulas for monotone Hurwitz numbers in genus 0 and 1, for all partitions, and an explicit rational form for the generating series in arbitrary genus. This rational form implies that, up to an explicit combinatorial scaling, m…
We discuss local mirror symmetry for higher-genus curves. Specifically, we consider the topological string partition function of higher-genus curves contained in a Fano surface within a Calabi-Yau. Our main example is the local P^2 case. The Kodaira-Spencer theory of gravity, tailored to this local geometry, can be solved to compute this partition function. Then, using the results of Gopakumar and Vafa and the local mirror map, the partition function can be rewritten in terms of expansion coefficients, which are found to be integers. We verify, through localization calculations in the A-model,…
