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arXiv 2602.23569cs.CR
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CLOAQ:量子电路的逻辑与角度混淆

CLOAQ: Combined Logic and Angle Obfuscation for Quantum Circuits

Lehigh University(利哈伊大学);University of California, Merced(加州大学默塞德分校);Heriot-Watt University(赫瑞-瓦特大学)

Vincent Langford, Shihan Zhao, Hongyu Zhang, Ben Dong, Qian Wang, Anees Rehman, Yuntao Liu

AI总结:

CLOAQ通过结合逻辑和相位保护,提高量子电路混淆的鲁棒性,有效抵御攻击并破坏功能。

摘要:

在量子计算领域,量子电路是量子算法的重要描述,随后会被编译成可执行的操作用于量子计算。量子编译器负责将这些算法量子电路转换为与特定量子硬件兼容的版本,从而将量子软件与硬件连接起来。然而,不可信的量子编译器带来了显著的威胁。它们有可能导致量子电路设计的窃取,并危及敏感的知识产权(IP)。在本工作中,我们提出CLOAQ,一种量子电路混淆(QCO)方法,该方法将所选门的逻辑和相位角度隐藏在混淆的量子电路中。为了评估CLOAQ的有效性,我们从所有量子比特的希尔伯特空间中均匀采样输入状态,这比先前工作使用所有|0>输入更为准确。我们的结果表明,CLOAQ受益于逻辑和相位保护之间的协同效应。与仅使用一个视角的先前QCO方法相比,结合方法对攻击更具抵抗力,并且在解锁密钥错误时造成更大的功能破坏。

英文摘要:

In the realm of quantum computing, quantum circuits serve as essential depictions of quantum algorithms, which are then compiled into executable operations for quantum computations. Quantum compilers are responsible for converting these algorithmic quantum circuits into versions compatible with specific quantum hardware, thus connecting quantum software with hardware. Nevertheless, untrusted quantum compilers present notable threats. They have the potential to result in the theft of quantum circuit designs and jeopardize sensitive intellectual property (IP). In this work, we propose CLOAQ, a quantum circuit obfuscation (QCO) approach that hides the logic and the phase angles of selected gates within the obfuscated quantum circuit. To evaluate the effectiveness of CLOAQ, we sample the input state uniformly from the Hilbert space of all qubits, which is more accurate than prior work that use all-|0> inputs. Our results show that CLOAQ benefits from the synergy between logic and phase protections. Compared with prior QCO approaches using only one perspective, the combined method is more resilient to attacks and causes greater functional disruption when the unlocking key is incorrect.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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