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arXiv 2602.22153hep-thgr-qcquant-ph
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引力子区域和封闭宇宙中的时间

Time in gravitational subregions and in closed universes

School of Natural Sciences, Institute for Advanced Study(高等研究院自然科学学院);Department of Physics, University of California, Berkeley(加州大学伯克利分校物理系)

Andreas Blommaert, Chang-Han Chen

AI总结:

研究通过JT引力探讨子区域内规范不变的可观测量构造,利用约克时间流和交叉积方法,展示熵的体积贡献及闭合宇宙的应用。

摘要:

在量子引力中,子区域内的规范不变局部可观测量是什么?如何非微扰地定义这样的子区域?我们通过JT引力研究这些问题。可以通过指定区域边界处的稀释子值来定义子区域。我们研究了此类子区域中的共形物质相关函数。在子区域的因果钻石内,与约克时间演化的引力约束相关。该约束可以用来在量子引力中构造规范不变的可观测量,使用交叉积构造。切口曲率作用作为物理时钟。这是如何通过 dressing 特征于时空(或其他场)来获得规范不变的可观测量的一个简单例子,而无需引入外部观察者。与该可观测量相关的熵不是面积,也不是任何边界项。我们展示出引力约束仅在规范等距微分同胚时给出熵的边界公式。约克时间流仅仅是共形等距,而不是实际的等距,因此导致熵的体积贡献。我们对Milne型封闭大爆炸宇宙重复了这一构造,这可能具有独立的参考价值。

英文摘要:

What are gauge-invariant local observables in a subregion in quantum gravity? How does one even define such a subregion non-perturbatively? We study these questions in JT gravity. One can define a subregion by specifying the value of the dilaton at the boundary of the region. We study conformal matter correlators in such a subregion. There is a gravitational constraint associated with York time evolution within the causal diamond of the subregion. This constraint can be leveraged to construct gauge-invariant observables in quantum gravity, using a crossed product construction. The extrinsic curvature of Cauchy slices acts as the physical clock. This is a simple example of how gauge-invariant observables can be obtained by dressing to features of a spacetime (or other fields), without the need for introducing an external observer. The entropy associated with this algebra of observables is not an area, or any boundary term. We show that gravitational constraints only give boundary formulas for entropy when gauging isometric diffeomorphisms. York time flow is merely a conformal isometry, not an actual isometry, and thus leads to bulk contributions to entropy. We repeat our construction for Milne-type closed Big-Bang universes, which may be of independent interest.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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