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arXiv 2602.20906astro-ph.IM
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Gaia数据第四次发布:Gaia点扩散函数中与漂移扫描相关的效应建模

Gaia Data Release 4: Modelling of drift-scan related effects in Gaia's point spread function

Institute for Astronomy, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Edinburgh(爱丁堡大学物理与天文学学院天文研究所);Lund Observatory, Division of Astrophysics, Department of Physics, Lund University(隆德大学物理系天体物理学部隆德天文台);DAPCOM for Institut de Ciències del Cosmos (ICCUB), Universitat de Barcelona (IEEC-UB)(巴塞罗那大学宇宙科学研究所(ICCUB)DAPCOM项目);ESA, European Space Astronomy Centre(欧洲空间局欧洲航天飞行中心);Institut de Ciències del Cosmos (ICCUB), Universitat de Barcelona (UB)(巴塞罗那大学宇宙科学研究所);Departament de Física Quàntica i Astrofísica (FQA), Universitat de Barcelona (UB)(巴塞罗那大学量子物理与天体物理学系);Institute of Astronomy, University of Cambridge(剑桥大学天文研究所)

Nicholas Rowell, Michael Davidson, Nigel C. Hambly, Lennart Lindegren, Javier Castañeda, Claus Fabricius, Jose Hernández, Dafydd W. Evans

AI总结:

本文提出了一种半解析模型,用于建模Gaia点扩散函数,以减少系统误差,特别是在G11-13magnitude范围内。

摘要:

为了准确估计数字化图像中恒星的位置和亮度,需要精确的点扩散函数(PSF)模型。Gaia空间望远镜的PSF由于使用漂移扫描模式和时间延迟积分而显得特殊,在此模式下,卫星在拍摄图像时旋转和进动。这导致PSF中出现几种系统性和周期性扭曲,这些扭曲是Gaia特有的。这些包括恒星图像漂移速率与电荷转移速率之间的系统性变化,以及CCD响应的空间变化,这与预期相反,未被TDI模式所消除。必须将这些纳入PSF模型中,以减少Gaia数据产品的系统误差。我们开发了一种半解析的PSF模型,其中沿扫描和跨扫描恒星图像运动的模糊效应被解析地建模,而PSF形状对源颜色和CCD内位置的依赖性则通过经验校准。为打破与几何仪器校准的退化,引入了PSF起源的约束。我们的新PSF模型在观测建模中带来了显著改进,特别是在G11-13magnitude范围内。这将有助于减少导出数据产品的天体测量和光度不确定性。我们的PSF模型已部署在Gaia循环数据处理系统中,并用于即将发布的数据第四次发布。Gaia的PSF线性部分现在已充分理解。未来的工作将重点于处理几种非线性效应,这些效应取决于信号水平,包括电荷转移不效率和更亮更胖效应。这项工作将为Gaia数据的用户和其他使用相同观测原理的任务(如提议的GaiaNIR任务)提供有用的参考。

英文摘要:

An accurate model of the point spread function is required in order to estimate positions and brightnesses of stars in digitized images. The PSF of the Gaia space telescope is unusual due to the use of drift-scan mode and time-delayed integration, in which the satellite spins and precesses while images are captured. This induces several systematic and periodic distortions in the PSF that are unique to Gaia. These include systematic variations in the stellar image drift rate with respect to the charge transfer rate, and spatial variations in the CCD response that are, contrary to expectations, not marginalised by the use of TDI mode. These must be incorporated into the PSF model in order to reduce systematic errors in Gaia's data products. We have developed a semi-analytic model of the PSF, in which the blurring effects of along- and across-scan stellar image motion are modelled analytically, and dependences of the PSF shape on source colour and position within the CCD are calibrated empirically. Constraints on the PSF origin are introduced in order to break a degeneracy with the geometric instrument calibration. Our new PSF model leads to significant improvements in the modelling of observations, particularly around the 11-13 magnitude range in G. This will contribute to reductions in the astrometric and photometric uncertainties in the derived data products. Our PSF model was deployed in the Gaia cyclic data processing systems and used in the production of the forthcoming Data Release 4. The linear part of Gaia's PSF is now well understood. Future development work will focus on the handling of several nonlinear effects that depend on the signal level, including charge transfer inefficiency and the brighter-fatter effect. This work will provide a useful reference for users of Gaia data and for other missions that use the same observing principles, such as the proposed GaiaNIR mission.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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