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arXiv 2602.17839cond-mat.stat-mechnlin.CD
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尺度不变性:几何、动力学与临界性的桥梁

Scaling invariance: a bridge between geometry, dynamics and criticality

Universidade Estadual Paulista(圣保罗州立大学);University of North Dakota(北达科他大学)

Edson D. Leonel, Diego F. M. Oliveira

AI总结:

本文通过几何构造、分析论证和原型动力学模型,探讨了尺度不变性在临界行为、非线性系统及混沌动力学中的统一解释,展示了其在不同维度系统中的普遍适用性。

摘要:

尺度不变性是物理学中的核心组织原则,它解释了从统计力学中的临界行为到非线性动力系统中的输运和混沌现象。本文提出了一种统一且具有物理动机的尺度概念探索,强调在动态复杂性增加的系统中,缩放变换下的不变性如何出现。我们不采用纯粹抽象的方法,而是结合简单的几何构造、分析论证和原型动力学模型来构建物理直觉。我们从由单一控制参数控制的简单、易于复现的例子开始,展示当特征尺度不存在时,幂律行为如何自然出现。然后,我们将讨论扩展到非线性动力系统,其中局部分岔现象由两个缩放变量控制,系统向稳态放松。在此背景下,尺度不变性通过临界指数、交叉现象和临界减缓表现出来,使不同维度的系统可以归入同一 universality 类。最后,我们讨论了混沌动力系统中的连续相变,包括从可积到非可积以及从有界到无界的扩散转变。通过借鉴传统与统计力学相关的概念,如序参量、易感性、对称性破坏、基本激发和拓扑缺陷,我们展示了这些转变如何在统一的缩放框架下得到解释。总的来说,讨论的示例表明,尺度不变性为理解非线性系统中的结构、输运和临界性提供了一种统一的语言,将确定性动力学与非平衡统计物理学联系起来,以透明且直观的物理方式。

英文摘要:

Scale invariance is a central organizing principle in physics, underlying phenomena that range from critical behaviour in statistical mechanics to transport and chaos in nonlinear dynamical systems. Here we present a unified and physically motivated exploration of scaling concepts, emphasizing how invariance under rescaling transformations emerges across systems of increasing dynamical complexity. Rather than adopting a purely abstract approach, we combine simple geometrical constructions, analytical arguments, and prototypical dynamical models to build physical intuition. We begin with elementary, easily reproducible examples governed by a single control parameter, showing how power-law behaviour naturally arises when characteristic scales are absent. We then extend the discussion to nonlinear dynamical systems exhibiting local bifurcations, where two scaling variables control the relaxation toward stationary states. In this context, scaling invariance manifests through critical exponents, crossover phenomena, and critical slowing down, allowing systems of different dimensionality to be grouped into universality classes. Finally, we address continuous phase transitions in chaotic dynamical systems, including transitions from integrability to non-integrability and from bounded to unbounded diffusion. By drawing on concepts traditionally associated with statistical mechanics, such as order parameters, susceptibilities, symmetry breaking, elementary excitations, and topological defects, we show how these transitions can be interpreted within a coherent scaling framework. Taken together, the examples discussed here demonstrate that scaling invariance provides a unifying language for understanding structure, transport, and criticality in nonlinear systems, bridging deterministic dynamics and nonequilibrium statistical physics in a transparent and physically intuitive manner.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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