有限温度下的二维量子伊辛模型的动力学相图
Finite-Temperature Dynamical Phase Diagram of the $2+1$D Quantum Ising Model
AI总结：
本文提出一种高效量子蒙特卡罗方法，用于计算二维量子伊辛模型在有限温度下的动力学相图，并揭示了淬火过程中相变的动态特性。
摘要：
在量子多体模型中绘制有限温度的动力学相图是建立远离平衡量子多体普遍性框架的必要步骤。然而，由于在有限温度下非平衡动力学产生的体积定律纠缠表示存在严重挑战，这使得该任务相当困难。在这里，我们通过一种高效的平衡量子蒙特卡罗（QMC）框架来解决这些挑战，用于计算有限温度的动力学相图。我们的方法利用能量守恒和 ergodic 量子系统的自热化性质，以确定量子淬火后晚期时间的可观测量。我们使用这种技术来绘制由初始热态中横向场淬火生成的二维量子伊辛模型的动力学相图。我们的方法使我们能够跟踪动力学相随初始温度和横向场的变化而演变。令人惊讶的是，我们识别出在有序相中淬火会冷却系统，以及一个初始温度区间，其中可以从顺磁（PM）相淬火到铁磁（FM）相。我们的方法无需显式模拟幺正时间演化即可访问动力学性质，并可立即应用于其他晶格几何和相互作用多体系统。最后，我们提出在最先进的数字量子硬件上进行量子模拟实验，以直接探测预测的动力学相及其实时形成。
英文摘要：
Mapping finite-temperature dynamical phase diagrams of quantum many-body models is a necessary step towards establishing a framework of far-from-equilibrium quantum many-body universality. However, this is quite difficult due, in part, to the severe challenges in representing the volume-law entanglement that is generated under nonequilibrium dynamics at finite temperatures. Here, we address these challenges with an efficient equilibrium quantum Monte Carlo (QMC) framework for computing the finite-temperature dynamical phase diagram. Our method uses energy conservation and the self-thermalizing properties of ergodic quantum systems to determine observables at late times after a quantum quench. We use this technique to chart the dynamical phase diagram of the $2+1$D quantum Ising model generated by quenches of the transverse field in initial thermal states. Our approach allows us to track the evolution of dynamical phases as a function of both the initial temperature and transverse field. Surprisingly, we identify quenches in the ordered phase that cool the system as well as an interval of initial temperatures where it is possible to quench from the paramagnetic (PM) to ferromagnetic (FM) phases. Our method gives access to dynamical properties without explicitly simulating unitary time evolution, and is immediately applicable to other lattice geometries and interacting many-body systems. Finally, we propose a quantum simulation experiment on state-of-the-art digital quantum hardware to directly probe the predicted dynamical phases and their real-time formation.
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