High-precision beam profile measurement with a microchannel-plate detector in the high magnetic field of the WISArD experiment
Université de Bordeaux, CNRS/IN2P3, LP2i Bordeaux UMR5797（波尔多大学）；Université de Caen Normandie, ENSICAEN, CNRS/IN2P3, LPC Caen UMR6534（卡昂诺曼底大学）；Belgian Nuclear Research Centre SCK-CEN（比利时核研究中心SCK-CEN）；Center for Exotic Nuclear Studies, Institute for Basic Science（基础科学研究院奇异核研究数据中心）；KU Leuven, Instituut voor Kern- en Stralingsfysica（荷语鲁汶大学）
S. Lecanuet, X. Fléchard, P. Alfaurt, P. Ascher, D. Atanasov, B. Blank, L. Daudin, H. DePreaumont, M. Gerbaux, J. Giovinazzo, S. Grévy, G. Guignard, J. Ha, C. K… 展开作者
S. Lecanuet, X. Fléchard, P. Alfaurt, P. Ascher, D. Atanasov, B. Blank, L. Daudin, H. DePreaumont, M. Gerbaux, J. Giovinazzo, S. Grévy, G. Guignard, J. Ha, C. Knapen, S. Lechner, A. Lépine, J. Lory, J. Perronnel, M. Pomorski, M. Roche, C. Roumegou, N. Severijns, Y. Son, S. Vanlangendonck, M. Versteegen, D. Zakoucky
We present the development and characterization of a compact low-energy ion beam diagnostic for the WISArD (Weak Interaction Studies with $\mathrm{^{32}Ar}$ Decay) experiment at ISOLDE/CERN. The microchannel plate (MCP) detector, which is configured in a Z-stack and has a resistive position sensitive anode, was tested with both stable and radioactive beams. This work focuses on the image reconstruction method, which corrects the pincushion distortion inherent to the square-shaped resistive anode, and investigates the influence of the magnetic field on the detector performance. Our results demonstrate that the detector achieves beam profile measurements with sub-millimeter accuracy, while coping with the spatial and high-magnetic field (4 T) constraints of the experiment. These capabilities meet the precision requirements of the WISArD experiment for extracting the modified beta-neutrino angular correlation coefficient, ã$_{βν}$, with an uncertainty of 0.1%.
Microchannel plate photodetectors provide both picosecond time resolution and sub-millimeter position resolution, making them attractive photosensors for particle identification detectors of a future U.S. Electron Ion Collider. We have tested the rate capability and magnetic field tolerance of 6$\times$6 cm$^{2}$ microchannel plate photodetectors fabricated at Argonne National Laboratory. The microchannel plate photodetector is designed as a low-cost all-glass vacuum package with a chevron pair stack of next-generation microchannel plates functionalized by atomic layer deposition. The rate cap…
Modern momentum imaging techniques allow for the investigation of complex molecules in the gas phase by detection of several fragment ions in coincidence. For these studies, it is of great importance that the single-particle detection efficiency e is as high as possible, as the overall efficiency scales with e over n, i.e. the power of the number of detected particles. Here we present measured absolute detection efficiencies for protons of several micro-channel plates (MCPs), including efficiency enhanced "funnel MCPs". Furthermore, the relative detection efficiency for two-, three-, four-, an…
In this paper, the detection efficiency of a large area neutron sensitive microchannel plate detector has been evaluated. A 6LiF/ZnS detector was employed as the benchmark detector, the TOF spectra of these two detectors were simultaneously measured and the energy spectra were then deduced to calculate the detection efficiency curve of the nMCP detector. Tests show the detection efficiency@25.3 meV thermal neutron is 34% for this nMCP detector.
With their fast response time and a spatial resolution in the range of a few microns, microchannel plates (MCPs) are a prominent choice for the development of detectors with highest resolution standards. Amorphous silicon-based microchannel plates (AMCPs) aim at overcoming the fabrication drawbacks of conventional MCPs and the long dead time of their individual channels. AMCPs are fabricated via plasma deposition and dry reactive ion etching. Using a state-of-the-art dry reactive ion etching process, the aspect ratio, so far limited to a value of 14, could be considerably enhanced with a poten…
Digital signal processing techniques were employed to investigate the joint use of charge division and risetime analyses for the resistive anode (RA) coupled to a microchannel plate detector (MCP). In contrast to the typical approach of using the relative charge at each corner of the RA, this joint approach results in a significantly improved position resolution. A conventional charge division analysis utilizing analog signal processing provides a position measured resolution of 170 $μ$m (FWHM). By using the correlation between risetime and position we were able to obtain a measured resolution…
A two-dimensional position-sensitive microchannel plate detector, with a Ø100 mm sensitive area and equipped with four integrated amplifiers, is realized with a new anode scheme. The anode is constructed by two independent one-dimensional resistive anodes, each consisting of an array of parallel copper strips connected by resistors in series on a printed circuit board. The arrays are perpendicularly aligned to realize two-dimensional position resolution, with the intervals between the adjacent strips on the PCB nearer to the MCP cut out to allow electrons passing through. The detector is teste…
Microchannel plates (MCP) are the basis for many spatially-resolved single-particle detectors such as ICCD or I-sCMOS cameras employing image intensifiers (II), MCPs with delay-line anodes for the detection of cold gas particles or Cherenkov radiation detectors. However, the spatial characterization provided by an MCP is severely limited by cross-talk between its microchannels, rendering MCP and II ill-suited for autocorrelation measurements. Here we present a cross-talk subtraction method experimentally exemplified for an I-sCMOS based measurement of pseudo-thermal light second-order intensit…
We report on an apparatus able to measure the absolute detection efficiency of a detector for electrons in the 30 - 900 eV range. In particular, we discuss the characterisation of a two-stage chevron microchannel plate (MCP). The measurements have been performed in the LASEC laboratory at Roma Tre University, whit a custom-made electron gun. The very good stability of the beam current in the fA range, together with the picoammeter nominal resolution of 0.01 fA, allowed the measurement of the MCP absolute efficiency $ε$. We found an $ε$ = (0.489 $\pm$ 0.003) with no evident energy dependence. W…
Hundreds of concurrent collisions per bunch crossing are expected at future hadron colliders. Precision timing calorimetry has been advocated as a way to mitigate the pileup effects and, thanks to their excellent time resolution, microchannel plates (MCPs) are good candidate detectors for this goal. We report on the response of MCPs, used as secondary emission detectors, to single relativistic particles and to electromagnetic showers. Several prototypes, with different geometries and characteristics, were exposed to particle beams at the INFN-LNF Beam Test Facility and at CERN. Their time reso…
We report on the response of microchannel plates (MCPs) to single relativistic particles and to electromagnetic showers. Particle detection by means of secondary emission of electrons at the MCP surface has long been proposed and is used extensively in ion time-of-flight mass spectrometers. What has not been investigated in depth is their use to detect the ionizing component of showers. The time resolution of MCPs exceeds anything that has been previously used in calorimeters and, if exploited effectively, could aid in the event reconstruction at high luminosity colliders. Several prototypes o…
A system of two microchannel-plate detectors has been successfully implemented for tracking projectile-fragmentation beams. The detectors provide interaction positions, angles, and arrival times of ions at the reaction target. The current design is an adaptation of an assembly used for low-energy beams ($\sim$1.4 MeV/nucleon). In order to improve resolution in tracking high-energy heavy-ion beams, the magnetic field strength between the secondary-electron accelerating foil and the microchannel plate had to be increased substantially. Results from an experiment using a 37-MeV/nucleon ${}^{56}$N…
A beam imaging detector was developed by coupling a multi-strip anode with delay line readout to an E$\times$B microchannel plate (MCP) detector. This detector is capable of measuring the incident position of the beam particles in one-dimension. To assess the spatial resolution, the detector was illuminated by an $α$-source with an intervening mask that consists of a series of precisely-machined slits. The measured spatial resolution was 520$μ$m FWHM, which was improved to 413$μ$m FWHM by performing an FFT of the signals, rejecting spurious signals on the delay line, and requiring a minimum si…
An advanced technique for a two-dimensional real time visualization of cluster beams in vacuum as well as of the overlap volume of cluster beams with particle accelerator beams is presented. The detection system consists of an array of microchannel plates (MCP) in combination with a phosphor screen which is read out by a CCD camera. This setup together with the ionization of a cluster beam by an electron or ion beam allows for spatial resolved investigations of the cluster beam position, size, and intensity. Moreover, since electrically uncharged clusters remain undetected, the operation in an…
The PANDA experiment at the future Facility for Antiproton and Ion Reasearch (FAIR) will address fundamental questions of hadron physics with unprecedented precision. To reach this goal excellent Particle Identification (PID) is essential over a large range of particle momenta and solid angles. Most of the phase space will be covered by two innovative DIRC (Detection of Internally Reflected Cherenkov light) detectors. The Endcap Disc DIRC and Barrel DIRC will cover the polar angle range from 5 to 22$^\circ$ and 22 to 140$^\circ$, respectively. Both detectors rely on high precision optical comp…
An electrostatic time-of-flight detector named E-MCP has been developed for quick diagnostics of circulating beam and timing measurement in mass spectrometry at the Rare-RI Ring in RIKEN. The E-MCP detector consists of a conversion foil, potential grids, and a microchannel plate. Secondary electrons are released from the surface of the foil when a heavy ion hits it. The electrons are accelerated and deflected by 90$^\circ$ toward the microchannel plate by electrostatic potentials. A thin carbon foil and a thin aluminum-coated mylar foil were used as conversion foils. We obtained time resolutio…
The motivation of this paper is to explore the parameters that affect the performance of Microchannel Plate Photomultiplier Tubes (MCP-PMTs) in magnetic fields with the goal to guide their design to achieve a high magnetic field tolerance. MCP-PMTs based on two different designs were tested.The magnetic field tolerance of MCP-PMT based on a design providing independently biased voltages showed a significant improvement (up to 0.7 T) compared to the one utilizing an internal resistor chain design (up to 0.1 T), indicating the importance of individually adjustable voltages. The effects of the ro…
A novel photon detector, the Silicon Photomultiplier (SiPM), has been tested in proximity focusing Ring Imaging Cherenkov (RICH) counters that were exposed to cosmic-ray particles in Ljubljana, and a 2 GeV electron beam at the KEK research facility. This type of RICH detector is a candidate for the particle identification detector upgrade of the BELLE detector at the KEK B-factory, for which the use of SiPMs, microchannel plate photomultiplier tubes or hybrid avalanche photodetectors, rather than traditional Photomultiplier Tubes (PMTs) is essential due to the presence of high magnetic fields.…
A foil-microchannel plate (MCP) detector, which uses electrostatic lenses and possesses both good position and timing resolutions, has been designed and simulated for beam diagnostics and mass measurements at the next-generation heavy-ion-beam facility HIAF in China. Characterized by low energy loss and good performances of timing and position measurements, it would be located at focal planes in fragment separator HFRS for position monitoring, beam turning, B$ρ$ measurement, and trajectory reconstruction. Moreover, it will benefit the building-up of a magnetic-rigidity-energy-loss-time-of-flig…
We present the idea and proof of principle measurements for an angular-selective active filter for charged particles. The motivation for the setup arises from the need to distinguish background electrons from signal electrons in a spectrometer of MAC-E filter type. While a large fraction of the background electrons exhibit predominantly small angles relative to the magnetic guiding field (corresponding to a low amount of kinetic energy in the motion component transverse to the field lines, in the following referred to as transverse energy) and pass the filter mostly unhindered, signal electron…
Fast array-based particle coincidence detection in a TimePix3-based velocity map imaging instrument
Stanford PULSE Institute, SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory（斯坦福PULSE研究所，SLAC国家加速器实验室）；Department of Applied Physics, Stanford University（斯坦福大学应用物理系）；Department of Chemistry, University of California, Davis（加州大学戴维斯分校化学系）；Department of Physics, Stanford University（斯坦福大学物理系）
Development and characterization of hybrid MCP-PMT with embedded Timepix4 ASIC used as pixelated anode
INFN, Division of Ferrara（意大利国家核物理研究所费拉拉分部）；Dept. of Physics and Earth Science, University of Ferrara（费拉拉大学地球科学与物理学系）；EP Department, CERN（欧洲核子研究中心实验物理部）
Ions with similar charge-to-mass ratios cannot be separated from existing beam profile monitors (BPMs) in nuclear facilities in which low-energy radioactive ions are produced due to nuclear fusion reactions. In this study, we developed a BPM using a microchannel plate and a charge-coupled device to differentiate the beam profiles of alpha-decaying radioactive isotopes from other ions (reaction products) produced in a nuclear reaction. This BPM was employed to optimize the low-energy radioactive francium ion (Fr+) beam developed at the Cyclotron and Radioisotope Center (CYRIC), Tohoku Universit…
We present the development of a single-photon detector and the connected read-out electronics. This `hybrid' detector is based on a vacuum tube, transmission photocathode, microchannel plate and a pixelated CMOS read-out anode encapsulating the analog and digital-front end electronics. This assembly will be capable of detecting up to $10^9$ photons per second with simultaneous measurement of position and time. The pixelated read-out anode used is based on the Timepix4 ASIC ($65~\mathrm{nm}$ CMOS technology) designed in the framework of the Medipix4 collaboration. This ASIC is an array of $512\…
