Xona Pulsar 单卫星定位：系统视角与实验验证
Xona Pulsar Single-Satellite Positioning: System Perspective and Experimental Validation
AI总结：
Xona Pulsar 系统通过单卫星定位技术实现资源受限环境下的高精度导航，无需外部辅助，适用于城市峡谷等复杂场景。
摘要：
Xona 正在部署 Pulsar，一个低地球轨道（LEO）商业导航系统，旨在提供在传统解决方案无法满足的环境中可靠的定位、导航和时间（PNT）服务。Pulsar 卫星广播专用信号，优化用于商业用户。这带来了快速的几何变化、强多普勒可观测性和强定时性，使在只有单颗卫星可见时也能实现新的定位方法。物联网（IoT）应用在城市峡谷、半室内空间等受限环境中通常优先考虑可用性而非亚米精度。许多平台是电池供电的，有严格的尺寸、重量和功率（SWaP）限制，无法支持复杂的多传感器架构。利用 LEO 动态和信号强度，Pulsar 可在这些条件下维持导航能力，而无需专用用户硬件。本文提出了一种单卫星定位（SSP）概念，利用可用的 Pulsar 测量数据来估计用户位置和接收机时钟状态，而无需外部辅助。在 Pulsar 部署初期，可能只有一两颗卫星可见，但这一方法仍能为静止或近静止用户提供服务，包括在半室内和室内环境中。我们讨论了算法细节和系统影响：SSP 可以在极小的卫星可见性下实现定位，减少对密集星座的依赖，并支持集成到资源受限的平台中。我们展示了仿真和实时天空结果。高保真的星座仿真配置用于 Pulsar 提供受控性能评估。我们还展示了使用 Pulsar-0 卫星观测数据的 Pulsar 使能接收器的早期发现。初步测试显示在户外和室内的米级精度，突显了在不同接收条件下潜在的应用前景。
英文摘要：
Xona is deploying Pulsar, a low Earth orbit (LEO) commercial navigation system designed to deliver resilient positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT) where traditional solutions fall short. Pulsar satellites broadcast dedicated signals optimized for commercial users. This brings rapid geometry change, strong Doppler observability, and robust timing, enabling new approaches to positioning even when only one satellite is visible. Internet of Things (IoT) applications often prioritize availability over sub-meter accuracy in urban canyons, semi-indoor spaces, and other constrained environments. Many platforms are battery-powered, have strict size, weight, and power (SWaP) limits, and cannot support complex multi-sensor architectures. Leveraging LEO dynamics and signal strength, Pulsar can maintain navigation capability under these conditions without specialized user hardware. Here we present a single-satellite positioning (SSP) concept that uses available Pulsar measurements to estimate user position and receiver clock states without external aiding. Early in Pulsar deployment, only one or two satellites may be in view, yet this still benefits stationary or near-stationary users, including in semi-indoor and indoor settings. We discuss algorithmic details and system implications: SSP enables positioning with minimal satellite visibility, reduces reliance on dense constellations, and supports integration into resource-constrained platforms. We present simulation and live sky results. High-fidelity constellation simulations configured for Pulsar provide controlled performance assessment. We also present early findings from a Pulsar-enabled receiver using observations from the Pulsar-0 satellite on orbit. Preliminary tests demonstrate meter-level accuracy outdoors and indoors, highlighting potential under varied reception conditions.
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