发表机构
Xona Space Systems; University of Calgary; BITS Pilani; VTU, India; Cranfield University; The University of Nottingham; Ford Motor Company; Google; Stanford University; Queen's University, Canada; Qatar University（Xona太空系统公司; 卡尔加里大学; 比蒂斯皮拉尼理工学院; 印度维斯瓦塔德大学; 克兰菲尔德大学; 诺丁汉大学; 福特汽车公司; 谷歌; 斯坦福大学; 加拿大女王大学; 卡塔尔大学）
机构由 AI 辅助整理，请以论文原文为准。AI 中文总结
本文通过案例研究评估Xona的LEO星座Pulsar在四个部署阶段的可见性、DOP和PPP收敛，比较GPS、LEO增强GPS和独立LEO，探讨LEO导航星座的评估方法与未来演变。
AI 中文摘要
本文旨在论证专用低地球轨道（LEO）全球导航卫星系统（GNSS）对定位、导航和授时（PNT）的未来影响，并反思性讨论常见GNSS评估方法如何最好地反映LEO卫星动力学。本文以Xona的LEO星座Pulsar在不同部署阶段为案例研究，比较GPS、LEO增强GPS和独立LEO。结果包括Pulsar在四个星座部署阶段的可见性和精度因子（DOP）分析，以及两个案例探讨Pulsar的LEO卫星动力学如何影响精密单点定位（PPP）收敛。本文重点介绍Pulsar，因其设计旨在通过兼容信号实现GNSS增强和GNSS独立性（Gala等人，2026）。随着专用LEO卫星定位在PNT行业中日益突出，考虑用于评估星座几何和定位性能的方法至关重要。通过本文中多种不同方法评估星座，提供了关于LEO导航星座未来演变的讨论。Pulsar与MEO GNSS进行比较，既作为增强服务也作为独立服务，通过可用性、精度因子和PPP收敛进行评估。
英文摘要
The objective of this paper is to demonstrate the future impact of a dedicated low-earth-orbit (LEO) Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) on positioning, navigation, and timing (PNT), in addition to a reflective discussion on how common GNSS evaluation methods can best reflect LEO satellite dynamics. This paper will feature Xona's LEO constellation, Pulsar, at various stages of deployment in a case study comparing GPS, LEO-augmented GPS, and standalone LEO. Results include visibility and dilution of precision (DOP) analysis for Pulsar at four stages of constellation deployment, as well as two cases exploring how precise point positioning (PPP) convergence is affected by Pulsar's LEO satellite dynamics. Pulsar is highlighted in this paper for its purposeful design that allows for both GNSS augmentation through compatible signals and GNSS independence (Gala et al., 2026). As dedicated LEO satellite-based positioning becomes more prominent in the PNT industry, it is important to consider which methods are used to evaluate constellation geometry and positioning performance. By evaluating the constellation through a variety of different methods in this paper, a discussion on the future evolution of LEO navigation constellations is offered. Pulsar is compared to MEO GNSS, both as an augmentation and a standalone service, through availability, dilution of precision, and PPP convergence.
Comments15 pages, 14 figures, ION GNSS+ 2026
