The JWST EXCELS survey: The ages and abundances of $3<z<5$ massive quiescent galaxies show that downsizing was already in place by $z\simeq4$
SUPA, Institute for Astronomy, University of Edinburgh（爱丁堡大学天体物理联盟）；Department of Astronomy, University of California, Berkeley（加州大学伯克利分校天文系）；Armagh Observatory and Planetarium（阿马赫天文馆和天文台）
Ho-Hin Leung, Adam C. Carnall, Elizabeth Taylor, Struan D. Stevenson, Aliza G. Beverage, Fergus Cullen, James S. Dunlop, Derek J. McLeod, Ross J. McLure, Ryan B… 展开作者
Ho-Hin Leung, Adam C. Carnall, Elizabeth Taylor, Struan D. Stevenson, Aliza G. Beverage, Fergus Cullen, James S. Dunlop, Derek J. McLeod, Ross J. McLure, Ryan Begley, Omar Almaini, Stella Antonogiannaki, Karla Z. Arellano-Córdova, Laia Barrufet, Cecilia Bondestam, Callum T. Donnan, Isaac J. B. Holst, Feng-Yuan F. Liu, Kate Rowlands, Ryan L. Sanders, Dirk Scholte, Maya Skarbinski, Thomas M. Stanton, Vivienne Wild
备注：
Submitted to MNRAS. Main text: 19 pages, 9 figures. Data url will be released upon acceptance
我们为3<z<5的14个静止星系（log10(M*/M⊙)>10）提供了深的中分辨率λ=1-5μm JWST/NIRSpec光谱数据，这些数据是EXCELS调查的一部分。我们对这些数据进行了完整的重新处理，包括一种自定义的最优提取方法，以对抗由NIRSpec空间PSF欠采样导致的光谱'波浪'。我们通过完整的光谱拟合来约束这些对象的恒星形成历史和恒星金属度，发现了一个清晰的恒星年龄与恒星质量的相关性，其中更高质量的星系在更早的时间组装了恒星质量。这证实了光谱学上考古'下缩'趋势在z≈4时已经存在。我们测量的关系斜率（约1.5 Gyr per dex in stellar mass）与0 < z < 3的文献结果一致。我们没有观测到log10(M*/M⊙)≤10.5且年龄超过几百年Myr的天体，这表明最近报告的这些质量的高红移静止星系可能很快会重新活跃。我们测量了大多数样本的恒星金属度相对较高，与0 < z < 3的类似对象一致。最后，我们探讨了样本中六个更古老且更明亮的星系中α增强的证据，发现使用不同恒星群体模型、不同拟合的静止框架波长范围、恒星形成历史模型和拟合代码测量的化学丰度存在显著差异。因此，我们得出结论，推断最早静止星系的详细恒星化学丰度仍然具有挑战性，需要更高信噪比的光谱（每个分辨率元素的信噪比>100对于R≈1000）
英文摘要：
We present deep, medium-resolution $λ=1-5\,μ$m JWST/NIRSpec spectroscopy for 14 quiescent galaxies at $3<z<5$ with $\log_{10}(M_*/\mathrm{M_\odot}){\,>\,}10$, obtained as part of the EXCELS survey. We perform a complete re-reduction of these data, including a custom optimal-extraction approach to combat the spectral "wiggles" that result from undersampling of the NIRSpec spatial PSF. We constrain the star-formation histories and stellar metallicities of these objects via full-spectral fitting, finding a clear stellar age vs stellar mass correlation, in which more massive galaxies assembled their stellar mass at earlier times. This confirms spectroscopically that the archaeological "downsizing" trend was already in place by $z\simeq4$. The slope of our measured relation ($\simeq1.5$ Gyr per dex in stellar mass) is consistent with literature results at $0 < z < 3$. We do not observe objects with $\log_{10}(M_*/\mathrm{M_\odot})\lesssim10.5$ and ages of more than a few hundred Myr at this epoch, suggesting that recently reported examples of higher-redshift quiescent galaxies at these masses are likely to soon rejuvenate. We measure relatively high stellar metallicities for the majority of our sample, consistent with similar objects at $0 < z < 3$. Finally, we explore evidence for $α$-enhancement in six older and more luminous galaxies within our sample, finding considerable disagreements in the chemical abundances measured using different stellar population models, different fitted rest-frame wavelength ranges, star-formation history models and fitting codes. We therefore conclude that inferring detailed stellar chemical abundances for the earliest quiescent galaxies remains challenging, and higher signal-to-noise spectra are required (SNR per resolution element $>100$ for $R\simeq1000$).
The morphological evolution, AGN fractions, dust content, environments, and downsizing of massive green valley galaxies at 0.5<z<2.5 in 3D-HST/CANDELS
为了探讨红、绿、蓝星系群之间的演化联系，我们以5个3D-HST/CANDELS场中0.5<z<2.5的大质量（$M_* > 10^{10} M_{\odot} $）星系为样本，研究了这3个星系群的尘埃含量、形态、结构、活动星系核分数和环境。绿谷星系被发现有中等的尘埃衰减，并居住在中间的区域所占据的静止和恒星形成星系的UVJ图。与z<2的蓝色和红色星系相比，绿色星系具有中等的紧凑性和形态参数，如Sersic指数，浓度，Gini系数和星系20%最亮像素的二阶矩。上述发现似乎支持了这样一种假设，即当恒星形成星系被淬灭进入静止状态时，绿色星系正处于过渡阶段。z<2的绿色星系显示出最高的活动星系核分数，这表明活动星系核反馈可能在恒星形成猝灭中发挥了重要作用。对于2<z<2.5的大质量星系，红星系和绿星系的活动星系核分数都比蓝星系高，这意味着活动星系核反馈可能有助于保持z>2的红星系的静止。在z = 0.5时，绿星系和红星系的<1.5. Green and blue galaxies at z>局域密度分布相似，表明在z>0.5时，环境猝灭不是停止恒星形成的主要机制。作为质量的函数的三个人口的分数支持一个“缩小”淬火图片，大部分的恒星形成在更大质量的星系比低质量的星系早完成。
The VIMOS Public Extragalactic Redshift Survey (VIPERS): Downsizing of the blue cloud and the influence of galaxy size on mass quenching over the last eight billion years
The JWST EXCELS survey: Outflows in 1.5 < z < 5 quiescent and recently quenched galaxies are likely relics from episodic AGN activity
University of Edinburgh（爱丁堡大学）；University of Nottingham（诺丁汉大学）；Universidad de Sevilla（塞维利亚大学）；University of St Andrews（圣安德鲁斯大学）；University of California, Los Angeles（加州大学洛杉矶分校）
利用JWST NIRSpec光谱研究1.8 ≤ z ≤ 4.6红移的13个后星暴和静止星系中的中性气体出流和吸积，发现出流与AGN活动相关，且出流速率远高于恒星形成率。
A combined VANDELS and LEGA-C study: the evolution of quiescent galaxy size, stellar mass and age from $\mathbf{\textit{z} = 0.6}$ to $\mathbf{\textit{z} = 1.3}$
RUBIES spectroscopically confirms the high number density of quiescent galaxies from $\mathbf{2<z<5}$
University of Pittsburgh（匹兹堡大学）；Max-Planck-Institut für Astronomie（马克斯·普朗克天文学研究所）；Princeton University（普林斯顿大学）；Space Telescope Science Institute（太空望远镜科学研究所）；International Centre for Radio Astronomy Research (ICRAR)（国际射电天文研究中心）；University of Western Australia（西澳大利亚大学）；University of Massachusetts, Amherst（马萨诸塞大学阿默斯特分校）；University of Wisconsin-Madison（威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校）；The Pennsylvania State University（宾夕法尼亚州立大学）
The role of small-scale environments in the quenching of massive galaxies at $1<z<5$
The Graduate University for Advanced Studies, SOKENDAI（高级研究院）；National Astronomical Observatory of Japan（日本国立天文台）；Institute for Cosmic Ray Research, The University of Tokyo（东京大学宇宙射线研究所）；Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN)（宇宙黎明中心）；DTU Space, Technical University of Denmark（丹麦技术大学空间科学系）；Waseda University（早稻田大学）
The Nature of High-Redshift Massive Quiescent Galaxies -- Searching for RUBIES-UDS-QG-z7 in FLARES
University of Sussex（苏塞克斯大学）；University of Portsmouth（朴茨茅斯大学）；University of Malta（马耳他大学）；National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院国家天文台）
The JWST EXCELS survey: Insights into the nature of quenching at cosmic noon
Johns Hopkins University（约翰斯·霍普金斯大学）；Space Telescope Science Institute（太空望远镜科学研究所）；University of St Andrews（圣安德鲁斯大学）；University of Edinburgh（爱丁堡大学）；University of Nottingham（诺丁汉大学）
Deep Submillimeter and Radio Observations in the SSA22 Field. IV. Spectral Energy Distributions, Star Formation Histories, and the Infrared-Radio Correlation of the 850 $μ$m-selected SMGs
Purple Mountain Observatory, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院紫金山天文台）；School of Astronomy and Space Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China（中国科学技术大学天文与空间科学学院）；Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University（早稻田大学理工学研究学院理工学研究院）；Department of Pure and Applied Physics, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Waseda University（早稻田大学理工学研究学院先进理工学部纯应用物理系）；Department of Physics, Graduate School of Science, Nagoya University（名古屋大学理学研究科物理学系）；Institute for Advanced Research, Nagoya University（名古屋大学高等研究院）
BayeSED-GALAXIES II. Bayesian full spectrum analysis of galaxies and application in the CSST wide-field slitless spectroscopy survey
International Centre of Supernovae (ICESUN), Yunnan Key Laboratory of Supernova Research, Yunnan Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS)（中国科学院云南天文台）；Center for Astronomical Mega-Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院国家天文台）；Tsung-Dao Lee Institute and State Key Laboratory of Dark Matter Physics, Shanghai Jiao Tong University（上海交通大学李政道研究所）；Department of Astronomy, School of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiao Tong University（上海交通大学物理与天文学院）；National Astronomical Observatories, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院国家天文台）
JWST Reveals a Candidate Supermassive Black Hole Binary at z=4.3 in the Brightest Sub-millimeter Galaxy in COSMOS-Web
The University of Texas at Austin（德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校）；University of California Santa Barbara（加州大学圣塔芭芭拉分校）；University of Colorado, Boulder（科罗拉多大学博尔德分校）；NASA-Goddard Space Flight Center（美国宇航局戈达德太空飞行中心）
