前缀共识用于抗审查的BFT
Prefix Consensus For Censorship Resistant BFT
AI总结:
本文提出前缀共识机制,通过无领导者、多提议者的方式实现抗审查的BFT共识,承诺诚实提案并在四轮内完成,同时获得最优延迟的分级共识和高效验证共识。
摘要:
尽管BFT共识在区块链中被广泛使用,但抗审查能力较弱:领导者可以排除交易,这对交易和DeFi来说是一个日益增长的担忧。\n我们通过引入一个新的抽象和协议栈来解决这个问题。首先,我们引入了“前缀共识”,其中各方输入向量并输出$(v^{\sf low},v^{\sf high})$,其(i)扩展诚实输入的最大公共前缀,并且(ii)满足$v_i^{\sf low}\preceq v_j^{\sf high}$对于所有诚实的$i,j$。与经典共识不同,不需要单个输出。我们证明前缀共识可以在异步环境中解决,并给出严格的轮次复杂度界限。\n然后我们定义了“强前缀共识”,要求在“高”输出上达成一致。我们的协议是无领导者且部分同步的:一个前缀共识实例决定(可能不同的)低值,而额外的实例会产生一个唯一的安全扩展高值,即使对手可以每轮暂停一个参与者。\n我们将此提升到一个无领导者、多提议者、抗审查的BFT SMR协议:每个槽位,所有参与者广播提案,确定性地排名它们,并在提案哈希上运行一个强前缀共识,承诺诚实的提案在四轮内。一个确定性的降级规则在参与者提案被排除时更新排名,这意味着在GST之后,最多$f$个槽位可能错过一个诚实的提案,而进度在暂停下仍保持无领导者,最多$f{-}1$个拜占庭故障。\n最后,我们将前缀共识与分级和二元/验证共识连接起来:我们获得一个最优延迟的分级共识(3条消息延迟)和无领导的二元/验证共识,其最坏情况的消息复杂度为$O(n^3)$,通信复杂度为$O(n^4)$。
英文摘要:
Despite broad adoption of BFT consensus in blockchains, censorship resistance remains weak: existing designs offer limited inclusion guarantees and allow leaders to exclude transactions. We address this with a new abstraction and protocol stack. We define \emph{Prefix Consensus}, where parties input vectors and output two consistent vectors $(v^{\sf low},v^{\sf high})$ that extend the maximum common prefix of honest inputs and satisfy $v_i^{\sf low}\preceq v_j^{\sf high}$ for all honest parties $i,j$. We show that Prefix Consensus is solvable asynchronously and establish tight round-complexity bounds. We then define \emph{Strong Prefix Consensus}, which additionally requires agreement on the high output, and give a leaderless partially synchronous protocol. Using its accountable variant, we build a leaderless, multi-proposer, censorship-resistant BFT SMR protocol with amortized four-round commit latency under synchronized starts, while guaranteeing that after GST at most $f$ slots can be censored. Finally, we connect Prefix Consensus to graded consensus, obtaining a matching lower bound and a 3-round protocol, and derive leaderless Binary Consensus with improved worst-case complexity.
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