AI 中文总结
该研究提出仅用认证通道和抗碰撞哈希的无签名BFT协议Vantage，通过可用性分级广播优化，在100节点十区域WAN模拟中实现23.9万TPS且中位延迟低于500ms，性能优于同类协议。
AI 中文摘要
数字签名使区块和投票成为可转让的证据：一方可以向另一方证明第三方所说的内容。仅认证通道只能说服直接接收者，因此现有的高吞吐量无签名协议在任何提议者对数据区块进行排序之前，都会为每个数据区块完成一次可用性投票或广播实例。我们提出Vantage，这是一种针对n≥3f+1个参与方的部分同步拜占庭容错协议，仅使用认证通道和抗碰撞哈希函数。参与方在哈希链接的作者通道上发布区块；每个视图的提议者将通道前沿的多数可用核心清单与新接收区块的乐观提示清单配对。一种新的原语——可用性分级广播（Availability-Graded Broadcast，AGB），使核心在多数第一手响应的基础上不可撤销，同时对提示进行分级而非阻塞。未解决的提示后续通过无签名控制日志进行密封，每个正确参与方根据自身记录的响应检查解决方案；仅崩溃的静默视图会被多数跳过投票跳过，无需日志。AGB使已发布的区块在发布后一个消息延迟内具备提议资格，与带签名的乐观提示设计相当。当所有参与方均正确且消息延迟为δ时，仅含数据的提议在发送后2δ内会在所有n个第一手确认上密封，因此区块在发布后4δ内排序，若发布与下一个提议对齐则在3δ内排序。我们证明在异步性下协议的安全性；在全局稳定时间后协议具备活性。在具有100个参与方的模拟十区域广域网（WAN）中，Vantage在每个接受的负载下，在最近的基于签名和无签名协议中具有最低的中位延迟，且每秒可排序239000个512字节的交易，中位延迟低于500毫秒。
英文摘要
Digital signatures make blocks and votes transferable evidence: one party can prove to another what a third party said. Authenticated channels convince only the direct receiver, so a proposer that references another party's block cannot prove to the voters who published it. High-throughput signature-free protocols therefore complete an availability vote or a reliable broadcast for every published data block before a proposer may reference it. We present Vantage, a partially synchronous Byzantine fault-tolerant protocol for $n \ge 3f+1$ parties, at most $f$ Byzantine, that uses only authenticated channels and collision-resistant hashing. Parties publish blocks on hash-linked author lanes; each view's proposer pairs a core manifest of lane prefixes that a quorum has acknowledged to it with an optimistic tip manifest of blocks it has just received. A new primitive, Availability-Graded Broadcast (AGB), makes the core irrevocable on a quorum of directly received acknowledgments while grading, rather than blocking on, the tip. A view that AGB leaves open or silent is decided by an on-demand instance of information-theoretic agreement. A block may thus be referenced in a proposal one message delay after publication, as in signed optimistic designs. Let $δ$ be the message delay after global stabilization (GST). With all parties correct, a proposal commits within $2δ$ of its send if all $n$ parties support it, and within $3δ$ on the quorum path, so a block published in time for the next proposal is sequenced $3δ$ to $4δ$ after publication. Safety holds under asynchrony; liveness holds after GST. On an emulated ten-region WAN with 100 parties, Vantage has the lowest p50 latency among compared signed and signature-free protocols at every offered load up to its peak, and sequences 250k 512-byte transactions per second at median end-to-end latency below 500 ms.
Comments65 pages
