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arXiv 2602.01669quant-ph
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有限量子系统中的统一熵产

Unified entropy production in finite quantum systems

Independent Researcher(独立研究者);Department of Information and Communication Engineering, Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo(东京大学信息理工学系研究科信息通信工程学系)

Tomohiro Nishiyama, Yoshihiko Hasegawa

AI总结:

本文提出了一种统一定义有限量子系统中熵产的方法,通过量子相对熵差异与有效温度的关系,分解熵产并探讨其非负性条件。

摘要:

在有限维量子系统中,温度无法唯一定义。这反过来意味着在有限维量子系统中定义熵产有几种方法,因为经典熵产依赖于温度。我们提出了一种基于参考状态的量子相对熵差异的统一熵产定义,这些参考状态由有效温度表征。我们证明,所提出的定义自然地分解为克劳修斯型熵产和一个额外的贡献,该贡献源于有效温度的时间依赖性。此外,我们表明,要求熵产率以传统形式作为熵变和热流之和会限制有效温度为恒定或等于特定能量匹配的有效温度。对于一般的初始状态,熵产可以变为负数,在这种情况下,我们推导了熵产的下界,并利用迹距离建立了其非负性的充分条件。

英文摘要:

In finite-dimensional quantum systems, temperature cannot be uniquely defined. This, in turn, implies that there are several ways to define entropy production in finite-dimensional quantum systems, because the classical entropy production depends on temperature. We propose a unified definition of entropy production based on the difference in quantum relative entropy with respect to reference states characterized by effective temperatures. We demonstrate that the proposed definition naturally decomposes into a Clausius-type entropy production and an additional contribution arising from the time dependence of the effective temperature. Furthermore, we show that requiring the entropy production rate to take the conventional form as the sum of the entropy change and the heat flow constrains the effective temperature to be either constant or equal to a specific energy-matching effective temperature. For general initial states, entropy production can become negative, in which case we derive lower bounds on entropy production and establish sufficient conditions for its non-negativity using the trace distance.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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