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arXiv 2602.01262math.COcs.DM
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最大σ不规则性树在给定最大度数6下的研究

Trees with maximum $σ$-irregularity under a prescribed maximum degree 6

University of Niš(尼什大学)

Milan Bašić

AI总结:

研究在最大度数6限制下,确定最大σ不规则性树的结构和度数分布。

摘要:

σ不规则性指数σ(G) = ∑_{uv∈E(G)} (d_G(u) - d_G(v))²衡量图中边的总度不平衡。我们研究了在固定阶数n和最大度数Δ=6的树类中σ(T)的极值问题。利用惩罚函数框架结合握手恒等式和同余论证,我们确定了每个n模6的余数类中σ(T)的最大值,显示可能的惩罚函数最小值为0,10,20,22,30和40。对于每种情况,我们以度数计数和边多重性完整描述了所有最大化树。在五个余数类中,所有极值树仅包含度数为1,2和6的顶点,而当n≡3 mod 6时,会出现额外的例外族,涉及度数为3的顶点。这些结果扩展了此前对较小度数限制下σ不规则性的研究,并展示了随着最大度数增加,该问题组合复杂性迅速增长。

英文摘要:

The sigma-irregularity index $σ(G) = \sum_{uv \in E(G)} (d_G(u) - d_G(v))^2$ measures the total degree imbalance along the edges of a graph. We study extremal problems for $σ(T)$ within the class of trees of fixed order $n$ and bounded maximum degree $Δ= 6$. Using a penalty-function framework combined with handshake identities and congruence arguments, we determine the exact maximum value of $σ(T)$ for every residue class of $n$ modulo $6$, showing that the possible minimum values of the penalty function are $0, 10, 20, 22, 30,$ and $40$. For each case, we provide a complete characterization of all maximizing trees in terms of degree counts and edge multiplicities. In five of the six residue classes, all extremal trees contain only vertices of degrees $1, 2,$ and $6$, while for $n \equiv 3 \pmod{6}$ an additional exceptional family arises involving vertices of degree $3$. These results extend earlier work on sigma-irregularity for smaller degree bounds and illustrate the rapidly growing combinatorial complexity of the problem as the maximum degree increases.

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