This paper implements an efficient numerical algorithm for the time-fractional Black-Scholes model governing European options. The proposed method comprises the Crank-Nicolson approach to discretize the time variable and exponential B-spline approximation for the space variable. The implemented method is unconditionally stable. We present few numerical examples to confirm the theory. Numerical simulations with comparisons exhibit the supremacy of the proposed approach.
We construct a three-point compact finite difference scheme on a non-uniform mesh for the time-fractional Black-Scholes equation. We show that for special graded meshes used in finance, the Tavella-Randall and the quadratic meshes the numerical solution has a fourth-order accuracy in space. Numerical experiments are discussed.
Subdiffusion is a well established phenomenon in physics. In this paper we apply the subdiffusive dynamics to analyze financial markets. We focus on the financial aspect of time fractional diffusion model with moving boundary i.e. American and barrier option pricing in the subdiffusive Black-Scholes (B-S) model. Two computational methods for valuing American options in the considered model are proposed - the weighted finite difference (FD) and the Longstaff-Schwartz method. In the article it is also shown how to valuate numerically wide range of barrier options using the FD approach.
This paper investigates analytic properties of American option prices under the finite moment log-stable (FMLS) model. Under this model the price of American options is characterised by the free boundary problem of a fractional partial differential equation (FPDE) system. Using the technique of approximation we prove that the American put price under the FMLS model is convex with respect the underlying price, and specify the impact of the tail index on option prices.
In this paper we focus on the subdiffusive Black Scholes model. The main part of our work consists of the finite difference method as a numerical approach to the option pricing in the considered model. We derive the governing fractional differential equation and the related weighted numerical scheme being a generalization of the classical Crank-Nicolson scheme. The proposed method has $2-α$ order of accuracy with respect to time where $α\in(0,1)$ is the subdiffusion parameter, and $2$ with respect to space. Further, we provide the stability and convergence analysis. Finally, we present some nu…
Transformation methods for evaluating approximations to the optimal exercise boundary for linear and nonlinear Black-Scholes equations
Comenius University（布拉迪斯拉发大学）；Department of Applied Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Mathematics, Physics & Informatics, Comenius University（布拉迪斯拉发大学数学、物理与信息学院应用数学与统计系）
In this paper we investigate a nonlinear generalization of the Black-Scholes equation for pricing American style call options in which the volatility term may depend on the underlying asset price and the Gamma of the option. We propose a numerical method for pricing American style call options by means of transformation of the free boundary problem for a nonlinear Black-Scholes equation into the so-called Gamma variational inequality with the new variable depending on the Gamma of the option. We apply a modified projective successive over relaxation method in order to construct an effective nu…
We analyze and calculate the early exercise boundary for a class of stationary generalized Black-Scholes equations in which the volatility function depends on the second derivative of the option price itself. A motivation for studying the nonlinear Black Scholes equation with a nonlinear volatility arises from option pricing models including, e.g., non-zero transaction costs, investors preferences, feedback and illiquid markets effects and risk from unprotected portfolio. We present a method how to transform the problem of American style of perpetual put options into a solution of an ordinary …
his paper presents finite element methods for solving numerically the Risk-Adjusted Pricing Methodology (RAPM) Black-Scholes model for option pricing with transaction costs. Spatial finite element models based on P1 and/or P2 elements are formulated using some group finite elements and numerical quadrature to handle the nonlinear term, in combination with a Crank-Nicolson-type temporal scheme. The temporal scheme is implemented using the Rannacher approach. Spatial-temporal mesh-size ratios are observed for controlling the stability of our method. Our results compare favorably with the finite …
Appraisal of a contour integral method for the Black-Scholes and Heston equations
Weideman [IMA J. Numer.肛门，出现]的积分半离散对流扩散偏微分方程，推广应用到金融数学的一些重要方程。使用空间算子的数值范围的估计，最佳轮廓参数的理论推导和数值测试。测试示例是布莱克-斯科尔斯偏微分方程在一个空间维度和赫斯顿偏微分方程在两个维度。在后者的情况下，效率相比，ADI分裂计划解决这个问题。在例子中，它被发现，轮廓积分方法是优越的范围内的中等到高精度的要求。对目前的围道积分方法的实现提出了进一步的改进建议。
We discuss in this note applications of the Multidimensional Positive Definite Advection Transport Algorithm (MPDATA) to numerical solutions of partial differential equations arising from stochastic models in quantitative finance. In particular, we develop a framework for solving Black-Scholes-type equations by first transforming them into advection-diffusion problems, and numerically integrating using an iterative explicit finite-difference approach, in which the Fickian term is represented as an additional advective term. We discuss the correspondence between transport phenomena and financia…
Contrary to the common view that exact pricing is prohibitive owing to the curse of dimensionality, this study proposes an efficient and unified method for pricing options under multivariate Black-Scholes-Merton (BSM) models, such as the basket, spread, and Asian options. The option price is expressed as a quadrature integration of analytic multi-asset BSM prices under a single Brownian motion. Then the state space is rotated in such a way that the quadrature requires much coarser nodes than it would otherwise or low varying dimensions are reduced. The accuracy and efficiency of the method is …
Valuing Guaranteed Minimum Withdrawal Benefit (GMWB) has attracted significant attention from both the academic field and real world financial markets. As remarked by Yang and Dai, the Black and Scholes framework seems to be inappropriate for such a long maturity products. Also Chen Vetzal and Forsyth in showed that the price of these products is very sensitive to interest rate and volatility parameters. We propose here to use a stochastic volatility model (Heston model) and a Black Scholes model with stochastic interest rate (Hull White model). For this purpose we present four numerical metho…
Trading option strangles is a highly popular strategy often used by market participants to mitigate volatility risks in their portfolios. In this paper we propose a measure of the relative value of a delta-Symmetric Strangle and compute it under the standard Black-Scholes option pricing model. This new measure accounts for the price of the strangle, relative to the Present Value of the spread between the two strikes, all expressed, after a natural re-parameterization, in terms of delta and a volatility parameter. We show that under the standard BS option pricing model, this measure of relative…
This paper presents a discrete-time option pricing model that is rooted in Reinforcement Learning (RL), and more specifically in the famous Q-Learning method of RL. We construct a risk-adjusted Markov Decision Process for a discrete-time version of the classical Black-Scholes-Merton (BSM) model, where the option price is an optimal Q-function, while the optimal hedge is a second argument of this optimal Q-function, so that both the price and hedge are parts of the same formula. Pricing is done by learning to dynamically optimize risk-adjusted returns for an option replicating portfolio, as in …
