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arXiv 2601.23213cs.ITmath.IT
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条件熵的完整刻画

A complete characterisation of conditional entropies

University of Copenhagen(哥本哈根大学);National University of Singapore(新加坡国立大学)

Roberto Rubboli, Erkka Haapasalo, Marco Tomamichel

AI总结:

本文通过公理化方法完整刻画了条件熵,揭示其为Rényi熵的指数平均形式,并推导了与条件混合相关的热力学第二定律。

摘要:

熵是不确定性的重要度量,在信息论和统计学中具有核心地位,并在所有定量科学中都有广泛应用。在一组自然的操作公理下,最一般的熵形式由参数为实数α的Rényi熵家族捕获。条件熵通过量化观察者拥有潜在相关侧信息视角来扩展熵的概念。然而,尽管其重要性和各种有用定义的出现,满足自然操作公理的条件熵度量的完整刻画仍然难以捉摸。在本文中,我们通过一组对于任何操作性定义至关重要的公理集,即独立随机变量的可加性、对标签的不变性以及在条件混合信道下的单调性,提供了条件熵的完整刻画。我们证明,最一般的条件熵形式由一组指数平均Rényi熵的度量所捕获,这些度量由实数参数和正实数上的概率测度参数化。最后,我们展示这些量决定了在条件混合下的转换速率,并为处于能量本征基正交态的状态提供了一组具有侧信息的量子热力学第二定律。

英文摘要:

Entropies are fundamental measures of uncertainty with central importance in information theory and statistics and applications across all the quantitative sciences. Under a natural set of operational axioms, the most general form of entropy is captured by the family of Rényi entropies, parameterized by a real number $α$. Conditional entropy extends the notion of entropy by quantifying uncertainty from the viewpoint of an observer with access to potentially correlated side information. However, despite their significance and the emergence of various useful definitions, a complete characterisation of measures of conditional entropy that satisfy a natural set of operational axioms has remained elusive. In this work, we provide a complete characterisation of conditional entropy, defined through a set of axioms that are essential for any operationally meaningful definition: additivity for independent random variables, invariance under relabeling, and monotonicity under conditional mixing channels. We show that the most general conditional entropy is a generalized convex combination of conditional entropies defined as exponential averages of Rényi entropies of the conditioned distribution, parameterized by a real number and a probability measure on the positive reals.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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