Efficient learning of logical noise from syndrome data
Pritzker School of Molecular Engineering, The University of Chicago（芝加哥大学普里茨克分子工程学院）；Department of Computer Science, The University of Chicago（芝加哥大学计算机科学系）；Institute for Quantum Information and Matter, California Institute of Technology（加州理工学院量子信息与物质研究所）；Perimeter Institute for Theoretical Physics（理论物理珀米特研究所）；Department of Physics and Astronomy, Department of Applied Mathematics and Institute for Quantum Computing, University of Waterloo（滑铁卢大学物理与天文学系、应用数学系及量子计算研究所）
Han Zheng, Chia-Tung Chu, Senrui Chen, Argyris Giannisis Manes, Su-un Lee, Sisi Zhou, Liang Jiang
Characterizing errors in quantum circuits is essential for device calibration, yet detecting rare error events requires a large number of samples. This challenge is particularly severe in calibrating fault-tolerant, error-corrected circuits, where logical error probabilities are suppressed to higher order relative to physical noise and are therefore difficult to calibrate through direct logical measurements. Recently, Wagner et al. [PRL 130, 200601 (2023)] showed that, for phenomenological Pauli noise models, the logical channel can instead be inferred from syndrome measurement data generated during error correction. Here, we extend this framework to realistic circuit-level noise models. From a unified code-theoretic perspective and spacetime code formalism, we derive necessary and sufficient conditions for learning the logical channel from syndrome data alone and explicitly characterize the learnable degrees of freedom of circuit-level Pauli faults. Using Fourier analysis and compressed sensing, we develop efficient estimators with provable guarantees on sample complexity and computational cost. We further present an end-to-end protocol and demonstrate its performance on several syndrome-extraction circuits, achieving orders-of-magnitude sample-complexity savings over direct logical benchmarking. Our results establish syndrome-based learning as a practical approach to characterizing the logical channel in fault-tolerant quantum devices.
Exponential logical-error reduction in quantum memories via optimal syndrome-measurement timing
Technology Innovation Institute（技术创新研究所）；Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland（量子信息与计算机科学联合中心，美国国家标准与技术研究院/马里兰大学）；Department of Computer Science and Institute for Advanced Computer Studies, University of Maryland（马里兰大学计算机科学与高级计算机研究所）
Qedma Quantum Computing（Qedma 量子计算）；The Benin School of Computer Science and Engineering, Hebrew University（希伯来大学本因计算机科学与工程学院）；Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Weizmann Institute of Science（魏茨曼科学研究所数学与计算机科学系）；Department of Physics, Technion（以色列理工学院物理系）
Machine-learned syndrome post-selection for reliable quantum error correction
Quantum Research Center, Technology Innovation Institute, Abu Dhabi, UAE（量子研究中心、技术创新研究所、阿布扎比、阿联酋）；Campus Arapiraca, Federal University of Alagoas, Arapiraca-AL, Brazil（阿拉戈斯联邦大学阿帕里卡校区、巴西）
Continuous-angle logical rotations in the Steane code
Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland（量子信息与计算机科学联合中心，美国国家标准与技术研究院/马里兰大学）；IonQ, Inc.（IonQ公司）；Department of Physics, The University of Texas at Austin（德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校物理系）；Duke Quantum Center, Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering and Department of Physics, Duke University（杜克大学量子中心、电气与计算机工程系及物理系）；National Institute of Standards and Technology（美国国家标准与技术研究院）
Logical error estimation from syndrome data of surface-code experiments
Duke Quantum Center, Duke University（杜克量子中心，杜克大学）；Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University（电气与计算机工程系，杜克大学）；Instituto de Fisica Teorica UAM-CSIC, Universidad Autonoma de Madrid（马德里自治大学-西班牙国家科研委员会理论物理研究所，马德里自治大学）；Department of Electrical & Computer Engineering, University of Southern California（电气与计算机工程系，南加州大学）；Center for Quantum Information Science & Technology, University of Southern California（量子信息与科技中心，南加州大学）；Quantum Elements, Inc.（量子元素公司）；Department of Physics & Astronomy, University of Southern California（物理与天文学系，南加州大学）；Department of Chemistry, University of Southern California（化学系，南加州大学）；Department of Physics, Duke University（物理系，杜克大学）；Department of Chemistry, Duke University（化学系，杜克大学）
IonQ Inc.（IonQ公司）；QuICS, NIST/University of Maryland（量子信息与计算科学研究所，美国国家标准与技术研究院/马里兰大学）；UMIACS, University of Maryland（统一信息管理与计算系统研究所，马里兰大学）；Quantum Research Center, Technology Innovation Institute（量子研究中心，技术创新研究所）；Centre for Quantum Technologies, National University of Singapore（量子技术中心，新加坡国立大学）；Nanyang Quantum Hub, School of Physical and Mathematical Sciences, Nanyang Technological University（南洋量子枢纽，物理与数学科学学院，南洋理工大学）
Error Mitigation From a Single Unmodified Error-Corrected Circuit
Qedma Quantum Computing（Qedma量子计算）；The Benin School of Computer Science and Engineering, Hebrew University（希伯来大学本计算机科学与工程学院）；Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, Weizmann Institute of Science（魏茨曼科学研究所数学与计算机科学系）；Department of Physics, Technion（以色列理工学院物理系）
AlphaSyndrome: Tackling the Syndrome Measurement Circuit Scheduling Problem for QEC Codes
University of Pennsylvania（宾夕法尼亚大学）；University of California, Berkeley（加州大学伯克利分校）；Amazon Quantum Technologies（亚马逊量子技术）；University of Michigan, Ann Arbor（密歇根大学安娜堡分校）
Metachecks in Bivariate Bicycle Codes: Syndrome Distance, Measurement Faults, and Repair Limits
Centre for Quantum Software and Information (QSI), School of Computer Science, University of Technology Sydney（悉尼科技大学计算机科学学院量子软件与信息中心）；School of Electrical Engineering and Telecommunications, University of New South Wales (UNSW)（新南威尔士大学电气与电信学院）
Theory and Architecture of Syndrome-Resolved Logical Gates
The University of Tokyo（东京大学）；IBM Quantum, IBM T.J. Watson Research Center（IBM量子，IBM托马斯·J·沃森研究中心）；National Center for Computational Sciences, Oak Ridge National Laboratory（国家计算科学中心，橡树岭国家实验室）
In-situ benchmarking of fault-tolerant quantum circuits. I. Clifford circuits
Joint Center for Quantum Information and Computer Science, NIST/University of Maryland（量子信息与计算机联合中心，美国国家标准与技术研究院/马里兰大学）；Simons Institute for the Theory of Computing, University of California at Berkeley（西蒙斯计算理论研究所，加州大学伯克利分校）；Institute for Theoretical Physics, ETH Zürich（理论物理研究所，苏黎世联邦理工学院）；Department of Physics, Harvard University（物理学系，哈佛大学）；National Institute of Standards and Technology（美国国家标准与技术研究院）
Fault-Tolerant QLDPC Syndrome Measurement via LDGM Encoding
Duke Quantum Center, Duke University（杜克大学量子中心）；Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Duke University（杜克大学电气与计算机工程系）；Department of Mathematics and Statistics, University of South Florida（南佛罗里达大学数学与统计系）
QMCtwin: Master-Equation Simulation of Syndrome Statistics Beyond Pauli Noise
University of Southern California（南加州大学）；Center for Quantum Information Science & Technology, University of Southern California（南加州大学量子科学与技术中心）；Quantum Elements, Inc.（量子元素公司）；Harvard University（哈佛大学）；AWS Worldwide Specialist Organization（亚马逊云科技全球专家组织）
Bayesian inference of general noise-model parameters from the syndrome statistics of surface codes
The University of Tokyo（东京大学）；Institute for Physics of Intelligence, The University of Tokyo（东京大学物理智能研究所）；Institute for Solid State Physics, The University of Tokyo（东京大学固体物理研究所）
Low-Overhead Transversal Fault Tolerance for Universal Quantum Computation
QuEra Computing Inc.（QuEra计算公司）；Harvard University（哈佛大学）；AWS Center for Quantum Computing（亚马逊云科技量子计算中心）；California Institute of Technology（加州理工学院）；Yale University（耶鲁大学）
