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arXiv 2512.00546cs.LG
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一种用于局部化和高分辨率温度预报的图神经网络方法

A Graph Neural Network Approach for Localized and High-Resolution Temperature Forecasting

Vector Institute for Artificial Intelligence(向量人工智能研究所);Western University(西部大学)

Joud El-Shawa, Elham Bagheri, Sedef Akinli Kocak, Yalda Mohsenzadeh

AI总结:

本文提出一种图神经网络方法,用于局部化和高分辨率温度预报,通过空间学习和高效计算实现高精度预测,适用于数据丰富的地区,并为数据有限地区提供公平预报的可能。

摘要:

热浪正在全球范围内加剧,并已成为最致命的天气灾害之一。这种负担 disproportionately 落在边缘化群体和全球南方地区,这些地区资源匮乏的医疗系统、城市热岛效应以及适应性基础设施的缺乏加剧了风险。然而,当前的数值天气预测模型往往无法捕捉到微尺度极端情况,导致最脆弱群体无法及时获得预警。我们提出了一种图神经网络框架,用于局部化、高分辨率温度预报。通过利用空间学习和高效计算,我们的方法在多个时间范围内生成预报,最长可达48小时。在加拿大西南部安大略省,该模型在1-48小时预报中,平均MAE为1.93°C,48小时MAE为2.93°C,评估使用24小时输入窗口在最大区域上进行。尽管在此数据丰富的背景下进行了演示,但本研究为在数据有限的全球南方地区实现局部化、公平的预报奠定了基础。

英文摘要:

Heatwaves are intensifying worldwide and are among the deadliest weather disasters. The burden falls disproportionately on marginalized populations and the Global South, where under-resourced health systems, exposure to urban heat islands, and the lack of adaptive infrastructure amplify risks. Yet current numerical weather prediction models often fail to capture micro-scale extremes, leaving the most vulnerable excluded from timely early warnings. We present a Graph Neural Network framework for localized, high-resolution temperature forecasting. By leveraging spatial learning and efficient computation, our approach generates forecasts at multiple horizons, up to 48 hours. For Southwestern Ontario, Canada, the model captures temperature patterns with a mean MAE of 1.93$^{\circ}$C across 1-48h forecasts and MAE@48h of 2.93$^{\circ}$C, evaluated using 24h input windows on the largest region. While demonstrated here in a data-rich context, this work lays the foundation for transfer learning approaches that could enable localized, equitable forecasts in data-limited regions of the Global South.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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