Accurate weather and climate modeling is critical for both scientific advancement and safeguarding communities against environmental risks. Traditional approaches rely heavily on Numerical Weather Prediction (NWP) models, which simulate energy and matter flow across Earth's systems. However, heavy computational requirements and low efficiency restrict the suitability of NWP, leading to a pressing need for enhanced modeling techniques. Neural network-based models have emerged as promising alternatives, leveraging data-driven approaches to forecast atmospheric variables. In this work, we focus on limited-area modeling and train our model specifically for localized region-level downstream tasks. As a case study, we consider the MENA region due to its unique climatic challenges, where accurate localized weather forecasting is crucial for managing water resources, agriculture and mitigating the impacts of extreme weather events. This targeted approach allows us to tailor the model's capabilities to the unique conditions of the region of interest. Our study aims to validate the effectiveness of integrating parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methodologies, specifically Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) and its variants, to enhance forecast accuracy, as well as training speed, computational resource utilization, and memory efficiency in weather and climate modeling for specific regions.
FengWu-GHR: Learning the Kilometer-scale Medium-range Global Weather Forecasting
Shanghai AI Laboratory（上海人工智能实验室）；Hong Kong University of Science and Technology（香港科技大学）；Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology（南京信息工程大学）；National Meteorological Information Center of CMA（中国气象局国家气象信息中心）；National Meteorological Center of CMA（中国气象局国家气象中心）
W-MAE: Pre-trained weather model with masked autoencoder for multi-variable weather forecasting
University of Electronic Science and Technology of China（电子科技大学）；Institute of Plateau Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration（中国气象局高原气象研究所）；Institute of Urban Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration（中国气象局城市气象研究所）
RealBench: Benchmarking Data-Driven Numerical Weather Forecasting Under Operational Conditions and Extreme Event Challenges
The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology（香港科学与技术大学）；Nanjing University（南京大学）；Southern University of Science and Technology（南方科技大学）；Shanghai AI Laboratory（上海人工智能实验室）；Shanghai TechWind Technology Co., Ltd.（上海技风科技有限公司）
Deep learning-based method for weather forecasting: A case study in Itoshima
Joint Graduate School of Mathematics for Innovation, Kyushu University（九州大学创新数学联合研究生院）；International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research, Kyushu University（九州大学国际碳中和能源研究所）；Institute of Tropical Agriculture, Kyushu University（九州大学热带农业研究所）；Faculty of Agriculture, Kyushu University（九州大学农学院）
University of Cambridge（剑桥大学）；Vector Institute（矢量研究所）；University of Toronto（多伦多大学）；Microsoft Research（微软研究院）；British Antarctic Survey（英国南极调查局）；The Alan Turing Institute（阿兰·图灵研究所）；European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts（欧洲中期天气预报中心）；Google Deepmind（谷歌DeepMind）
PEAR: Equal Area Weather Forecasting on the Sphere
VERSES AI；Department of Mathematical Sciences（数学科学系）；Chalmers University of Technology（楚姆勒斯技术大学）；University of Gothenburg（哥德堡大学）；Department of Computer Science and Engineering（计算机科学与工程系）；Department of Physics and Astronomy（物理与天文学系）；Recohere
Benchmarking Physics-Informed Time-Series Models for Operational Global Station Weather Forecasting
Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology, Hong Kong SAR China（香港科技大学计算机科学与工程系）；Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China（南方科技大学计算机科学与工程系）；School of Computer and Information Sciences, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, Australia（新castle大学计算机与信息科学学院）；Hangzhou Innovation Institute of Beihang University, Hangzhou, China（北京航空航天大学杭州创新研究院）；Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory, Shanghai, China（上海人工智能实验室）
Skillful Kilometer-Scale Regional Weather Forecasting via Global and Regional Coupling
DAMO Academy, Alibaba Group（阿里巴巴达摩院）；Northwest Polytechnical University（西北工业大学）；Zhejiang University（浙江大学）；Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences（中国科学院大气物理研究所）
Xaurora: Generative Weather Forecasting with Denoising Stochastic Interpolants from a Foundation Model Prior
Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam（阿姆斯特丹自由大学）；University of Amsterdam（阿姆斯特丹大学）；Delft University of Technology（代尔夫特理工大学）；Centrum Wiskunde & Informatica（数学与计算机科学中心）
