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arXiv 2511.03468physics.optics
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共振态揭示纳米光子腔中的强光-物质耦合

Resonant states reveal strong light-matter coupling in nanophotonic cavities

Karlsruhe Institute of Technology(卡尔斯鲁厄理工学院);University of Graz(格拉茨大学);NAWI Graz(NAWI 格拉茨);Riga Technical University(里加技术大学)

Jan David Fischbach, Sergei Gladyshev, Adrià Canós Valero, Markus Nyman, Thomas Weiss, Carsten Rockstuhl

AI总结:

通过复频率平面追踪共振态轨迹,提出基于共振态框架明确区分弱耦合与强耦合,并推导有效哈密顿量揭示耦合率与频率偏移。

摘要:

光子共振能够控制光-物质相互作用,但许多关键现象仅出现在强耦合区域,其中光和物质激发完全杂化。为了区分弱耦合和强耦合,通常研究混合系统的实频率谱。然而,这些谱仅提供对潜在共振动力学的间接估计,因为共振位于复频率处。为了克服这一矛盾,我们证明光子共振态提供了一个明确区分弱耦合和强耦合的框架。通过改变谐振器几何结构,在复平面上追踪共振态,它们的轨迹在强耦合开始时发生质变。共振态在复频率平面上不再仅以微扰相互作用相互通过,而是交换位置。假设单个主导光子共振,我们推导出一个有效哈密顿量,该哈密顿量捕获与多个材料共振的相互作用,包括从重叠积分直接获得耦合率。我们的分析表明,与通常使用的多数耦合振荡器模型不同,杂化不仅引入非对角耦合,还移动了光子模式的裸本征频率。我们将该方法应用于填充分子材料的平面和球形银谐振器,该材料的性质通过量子化学模拟提取。

英文摘要:

Photonic resonances enable control over light-matter interactions, but many key phenomena only emerge in the strong-coupling regime where light and matter excitations fully hybridize. To distinguish between weak and strong coupling, one conventionally studies real-frequency spectra of the hybrid system. However, these spectra only provide indirect estimates of the underlying resonant dynamics, as the resonances reside at complex frequencies. To overcome this contradiction, we demonstrate that photonic resonant states provide a framework for unambiguously distinguishing between weak and strong coupling. Upon tracing the resonant states through the complex plane while changing the resonator geometry, their trajectories undergo a qualitative change at the onset of strong coupling. Instead of passing each other in the complex frequency plane with only perturbative interactions, the resonant states swap positions. Assuming a single dominant photonic resonance, we derive an effective Hamiltonian that captures the interaction with multiple material resonances, including direct access to coupling rates from overlap-integrals. Our analysis reveals that, unlike most coupled-oscillator models commonly employed, hybridization not only introduces off-diagonal coupling but also shifts the bare eigenfrequency of the photonic mode. We apply our approach to planar and spherical silver resonators filled with a molecular material whose properties were extracted from quantum-chemical simulations.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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