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arXiv 2508.19829physics.bio-phq-bio.BM
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单分子生物物理学

Single-molecule biophysics

Mark C Leake

AI总结:

本文综述单分子生物物理学如何通过检测和操控单个分子,揭示生物分子异质性与动力学机制,并推动受生物系统启发的人工物质设计和以生物学为核心的新物理学发展。

摘要:

生物分子与所有活性物质一样,利用自由能产生力和运动,使其脱离热平衡,并在亚稳态自由能态之间发生固有的动态相互转换,这些能态之间的能级差仅略高于随机热涨落。在此,我们探讨单分子生物物理学领域的奠基性方法和新兴方法,与传统系综平均方法不同,这些方法能够检测和操控单个分子,并促进对生物分子异质性及其对过渡分子动力学和基础分子相互作用影响的探索。我们讨论了突破性的技术创新,这些创新远超表面,深入到真实生理学的开放性问题中,将正交数据类型相关联,并使经验测量与理论和计算见解相互作用,其中许多创新正在推动受生物系统启发的人工物质设计。最后,我们考察了这些见解如何帮助发展围绕生物学构建的新物理学。

英文摘要:

Biological molecules, like all active matter, use free energy to generate force and motion which drive them out of thermal equilibrium, and undergo inherent dynamic interconversion between metastable free energy states separated by levels barely higher than stochastic thermal energy fluctuations. Here, we explore the founding and emerging approaches of the field of single-molecule biophysics which, unlike traditional ensemble average approaches, enable the detection and manipulation of individual molecules and facilitate exploration of biomolecular heterogeneity and its impact on transitional molecular kinetics and underpinning molecular interactions. We discuss the ground-breaking technological innovations which scratch far beyond the surface into open questions of real physiology, that correlate orthogonal data types and interplay empirical measurement with theoretical and computational insights, many of which are enabling artificial matter to be designed inspired by biological systems. And finally, we examine how these insights are helping to develop new physics framed around biology.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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