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arXiv 2507.03428quant-phphysics.optics
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弱耦合原子集体中的三光子传输理论

Theory of Three-Photon Transport Through a Weakly Coupled Atomic Ensemble

ARC Centre of Excellence for Engineered Quantum Systems(ARC工程量子系统卓越中心);School of Physics, The University of Sydney(悉尼大学物理学院);Sydney Quantum Academy(悉尼量子学院);Department of Physics, ENS Paris-Saclay, University Paris-Saclay(巴黎萨克雷大学ENS巴黎萨克雷物理系);Institute for Photonics and Optical Sciences (IPOS), School of Physics, The University of Sydney(悉尼大学物理学院光子与光学科学研究所)

Yangming Wang, Noe Demazure, Sahand Mahmoodian

AI总结:

本研究提出了一种分析性框架,用于研究弱耦合原子集体中的三光子相互作用,揭示了非高斯特征和光子相关性。

摘要:

理解非平衡量子系统中的多光子相互作用是量子光学领域的一个突出挑战。在本工作中,我们开发了一个分析性和图示性的框架,用于研究弱耦合到一维波导的原子集体中的三光子相互作用。利用弱耦合特性,我们利用图示框架进行微扰理论,并计算三光子波函数的最高阶贡献,这些贡献原本是难以处理的。然后,我们计算了共振驱动原子集体的出射光子波函数,其中光子-光子相互作用被截断到三个光子。我们的公式不仅捕捉了单个光子的传输,还隔离了体现真实光子-光子相关性的连接S矩阵元。通过详细分析,我们获得了连接的第三阶相关函数和第三阶电场二次矩累积量的解析表达式,这些揭示了来自二光子和三光子过程相互作用中出现的非高斯特征。我们还计算了非高斯光子态可以观察到的光学深度。基于级联主方程的数值模拟验证了我们对小规模系统的分析预测。这些结果提供了一个进一步探索原子集体非平衡量子光学的公式,并将其扩展到非高斯光子传输的领域。

英文摘要:

Understanding multi-photon interactions in non-equilibrium quantum systems is an outstanding challenge in quantum optics. In this work, we develop an analytical and diagrammatic framework to explore three-photon interactions in atomic ensembles weakly coupled to a one-dimensional waveguide. Taking advantage of the weak coupling, we use our diagrammatic framework to perform perturbation theory and calculate the leading-order contributions to the three-photon wavefunction, which would otherwise be intractable. We then compute the outgoing photon wavefunction of a resonantly driven atomic ensemble, with photon-photon interactions truncated up to three photons. Our formulation not only captures the individual transmission of photons but also isolates the connected S-matrix elements that embody genuine photon-photon correlations. Through detailed analysis, we obtain the analytic expressions of the connected third-order correlation function and the third-order electric-field-quadrature cumulant, which reveal non-Gaussian signatures emerging from the interplay of two- and three-photon processes. We also calculate the optical depth where non-Gaussian photon states can be observed. Numerical simulations based on a cascaded master equation validate our analytical predictions on a small-scale system. These results provide a formalism to further explore non-equilibrium quantum optics in atomic ensembles and extend this to the regime of non-Gaussian photon transport.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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