System versus charger in performance optimization of quantum batteries
Bar-Ilan University（巴伊兰大学）；Indian Institute of Technology (Banaras Hindu University)（印度理工学院（贝拿勒斯印度教大学））；Harish-Chandra Research Institute, A CI of Homi Bhabha National Institute（哈里什-昌德拉研究所，霍米·巴巴国立学院成员机构）
Rohit Kumar Shukla, Rajiv Kumar, Ujjwal Sen, Sunil K. Mishra
Quantum batteries provide a platform for investigating energy storage and extraction in quantum many-body systems. Here, we study a charging protocol in which battery and chargoid roles are assigned to different Hamiltonian components of a standalone many-body spin system. By externally controlling the contribution of the intrinsic battery Hamiltonian during charging, we reveal a tunable competition between intrinsic and charging dynamics. We find that suppressing the intrinsic battery contribution can substantially enhance both the maximum stored energy and charging power, with the magnitude of the enhancement determined by the interaction structure and range. We further investigate the protocol in a Markovian open-system setting that incorporates energy relaxation and pure dephasing. While environmental effects generally degrade charging performance, they can instead enhance energy-storage and energy-extraction dynamics in certain interacting systems. The enhancement associated with the controlled suppression of the intrinsic battery dynamics remains robust in the presence of environmental coupling.
Energy can be stored in quantum batteries by electromagnetic fields as chargers. In this paper, the performance of a quantum battery with single and double chargers is studied. It is shown that by using two independent charging fields, prepared in coherent states, charging power of the quantum battery can be significantly improved, though the average number of embedded photons are kept the same in both scenarios. Then the results reveal that for the case of initially correlated states of the chargers the amount of extractable energy, measured by ergotropy, is more than initially uncorrelated o…
The storage and transfer of energy through quantum batteries are key elements in quantum networks. Here, we propose a charger design based on transitionless quantum driving (TQD), which allows for inherent control over the battery charging time, with the speed of charging coming at the cost of the internal energy available to implement the dynamics. Moreover, the TQD-based charger is also shown to be locally stable, which means that the charger can be disconnected from the quantum battery (QB) at any time after the energy transfer to the QB, with no fully energy backflow to the charger. This p…
The energy charging of a quantum battery is analyzed in an open quantum setting, where the interaction between the battery element and the external power source is mediated by an ancilla system (the quantum charger) that acts as a controllable switch. Different implementations are analyzed putting emphasis on the interplay between coherent energy pumping mechanisms and thermalization.
We present a systematic analysis and classification of several models of quantum batteries involving different combinations of two level systems and quantum harmonic oscillators. In particular, we study energy transfer processes from a given quantum system, termed charger, to another one, i.e. the proper battery. In this setting, we analyze different figures of merit, including the charging time, the maximum energy transfer, and the average charging power. The role of coupling Hamiltonians which do not preserve the number of local excitations in the charger-battery system is clarified by prope…
Collective Quantum Batteries and Charger-Battery Setup in Open Quantum Systems: Impact of Inter-Qubit Interactions, Dissipation, and Quantum Criticality
We consider a classical harmonic driving field as the energy charger for the quantum batteries, which consist of an ensemble of two-level atoms. The maximum stored energy and the final state are derived analytically with the optimal driving frequency. At the end of charging procedure, each of atoms is in the upper state and the batteries are charging completely, which exhibits a substantial improvement over the square-wave charger. Involving the interatomic correlations, we find that the repulsive couplings show an advantage in achieving fully charging with shorter charging period. However, th…
Starting from the observation that the reduced state of a system strongly coupled to a bath is, in general, an athermal state, we introduce and study a cyclic battery-charger quantum device that is in thermal equilibrium, or in a ground state, during the charge storing stage. The cycle has four stages: the equilibrium storage stage is interrupted by disconnecting the battery from the charger, then work is extracted from the battery, and then the battery is reconnected with the charger; finally, the system is brought back to equilibrium. At no point during the cycle are the battery-charger corr…
We study the charging process of open quantum batteries mediated by a common dissipative environment in two different scenarios. In the first case, we consider a quantum charger-battery model in the presence of a non-Markovian environment. Where the battery can be properly charged in a strong coupling regime, without any external power and any direct interaction with the charger, i.e., a wireless-like charging happens. The environment plays a major role in the charging of the battery, while this does not happen in a weak coupling regime. In the second scenario, we show the effect of individual…
Locally Passive, Globally Charged Quantum Batteries: Coherence-Controlled Work and the Robustness of the Stored Charge
Qatar Center for Quantum Computing, College of Science and Engineering, Hamad Bin Khalifa University（卡塔尔量子计算中心，科学与工程学院，哈马德·本·哈利法大学）；The University of Adelaide（阿德莱德大学）
Operations performing on quantum batteries are extended to scenarios where we no longer force the existence of definite causal order of occurrence between distinct processes. In contrast to standard theories, the so called indefinite causal order is found to have the capability of accomplishing tasks that are not possible without it. Specifically, we show how this novel class of resource comes into play in quantum batteries by first, combining two static unitary chargers into a coherently superposed one to fully charge an empty battery even if in the presence of battery's local Hamiltonian. Th…
We investigate a quantum battery made of N two-level systems, which is charged by an optical mode via an energy-conserving interaction. We quantify the fraction E(N) of energy stored in the B battery that can be extracted in order to perform thermodynamic work. We first demonstrate that E(N) is highly reduced by the presence of correlations between the charger and the battery or B between the two-level systems composing the battery. We then show that the correlation-induced suppression of extractable energy, however, can be mitigated by preparing the charger in a coherent optical state. We con…
We studied the dynamics of entropic uncertainty in Markovian and non-Markovian systems during the charging of open quantum batteries (QBs) mediated by a common dissipation environment. In the non-Markovian regime, the battery is almost fully charged efficiently, and the strong non-Markovian property is beneficial for improving the charging power. In addition, the results show that the energy storage is closely related to the couplings of the charger-reservoir and battery-reservoir; that is, the stronger coupling of a charger-reservoir improves energy storage. In particular, entanglement is req…
College of Physics and Electronic Science, Hubei Normal University（湖北师范大学物理与电子科学学院）；Hubei Engineering Institute（湖北工程学院）；State Key Laboratory of Quantum Optics and Quantum Optics Devices, Institute of Laser Spectroscopy, Shanxi University（山西大学量子光学与量子光学器件国家重点实验室激光光谱研究所）；Collaborative Innovation Center of Extreme Optics, Shanxi University（山西大学极端光学协同创新中心）
We introduce an open quantum battery protocol using dark states to achieve both superextensive capacity and power density, with non-interacting spins coupled to a reservoir. Further, our power density actually scales with the of number of spins $N$ in the battery. We show that the enhanced capacity and power is correlated with entanglement. Whilst connected to the charger, the charged state of the battery is a steady state, stabilized through quantum interference in the open system.
Fast charging of quantum batteries assisted by nonlinear couplings
National Tsing Hua University（国立清华大学）；Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica（中央研究院原子与分子科学研究所）；Georgia Institute of Technology（佐治亚理工学院）；National Central University（国立中央大学）；Molecular Science and Technology Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica（中央研究院台湾国际研究生分子科学与技术学程）；National Center for Theoretical Sciences（国家理论科学中心）
We investigate the connection between quantum resources and extractable work in quantum batteries. We demonstrate that quantum coherence in the battery or the battery-charger entanglement is a necessary resource for generating nonzero extractable work during the charging process. At the end of the charging process, we also establish a tight link of coherence and entanglement with the final extractable work: coherence naturally promotes the coherent work while coherence and entanglement inhibit the incoherent work. We also show that obtaining maximally coherent work is faster than obtaining max…
Catalytic Stabilization of Ergotropy and Backflow Suppression in Open Many-Body Quantum Batteries
Center for Quantum Materials and Computational Condensed Matter Physics, Faculty of Science, Kunming University of Science and Technology（昆明理工大学理学院量子材料与计算凝聚态物理中心）
The performance of quantum technologies that use entanglement and coherence as resource is highly limited by decohering effects due to their interaction with some environment. Particularly, it is important to take into account situations where such devices unavoidably interact with a surrounding. Here, we study memory effects on energy and ergotropy of quantum batteries in the framework of open system dynamics, where the battery and charger are individually allowed to access a bosonic environment. Our investigation shows that the battery can be fully charged and its energy can be preserved for…
We investigate a multi-qubit quantum battery-charger model, focusing on its potential emulation on a superconducting qubit chip. Using a large-spin representation, we first obtain the analytical form of the energy $E_B(t)$, power $P_B(t)$ and their maximum values, $E_B^{\rm max}$ and $P_B^{\rm max}$, of the battery part by means of the antiferromagnetic Holstein-Primakoff (AFM-HP) transformation within the low-energy approximation. In this case, our results show that superextensive scaling behavior of $P_B^{\rm max}$ ensues. By further combining these with the ones obtained via exact diagonali…
Boosting Work Extraction in Quantum Batteries via Continuous Environment Monitoring
Università degli Studi dell’Insubria（因苏布里亚大学）；Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Sezione di Milano（意大利国家核物理研究所米兰分部）；Università di Genova（热那亚大学）；CNR-SPIN（意大利国家研究委员会自旋物理中心）；Università degli Studi di Milano（米兰大学）
Theoretical explorations have revealed that quantum batteries can exploit quantum correlation to achieve faster charging, thus promising exciting applications in future technologies. Using NMR architecture, here we experimentally investigate various aspects of quantum battery with the help of nuclear spin systems in star-topology configuration. We first carry out numerical analysis to study how charging a quantum battery depends on the relative purity factors of charger and battery spins. By experimentally measuring the polarization of the battery spin undergoing charging, we estimate the batt…
Boosting the performance of a Lipkin-Meshkov-Glick quantum battery via symmetry-breaking quenches or a single-mode bosonic charger
Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University（东北大学前沿跨学科研究院）；Department of Applied Physics, Graduate School of Engineering, Tohoku University（东北大学大学院工学研究科应用物理系）；Theoretical Sciences Visiting Program, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University（冲绳科学技术大学院大学理论科学访问项目）；Quantum Systems Unit, OIST Graduate University（冲绳科学技术大学院大学量子系统单元）；Homer L. Dodge Department of Physics and Astronomy, The University of Oklahoma（俄克拉荷马大学霍默·L·道奇物理与天文学系）；Center for Quantum Research and Technology, The University of Oklahoma（俄克拉荷马大学量子研究与技术中心）
Quantum batteries are quantum mechanical systems with many degrees of freedom which can be used to store energy and that display fast charging. The physics behind fast charging is still unclear. Is this just due to the collective behavior of the underlying interacting many-body system or does it have its roots in the quantum mechanical nature of the system itself? In this work we address these questions by studying three examples of quantum-mechanical many-body batteries with rigorous classical analogs. We find that the answer is model dependent and, even within the same model, depends on the …
