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多变量因果效应:一种贝叶斯因果回归因子模型

Multivariate Causal Effects: a Bayesian Causal Regression Factor Model

Brown University(布朗大学);Harvard University(哈佛大学);Dana Farber Cancer Institute(达纳-法伯癌症研究所)

Dafne Zorzetto, Jenna Landy, Corwin Zigler, Giovanni Parmigiani, Roberta De Vito

AI总结:

本文提出了一种贝叶斯因果回归因子模型,用于估计野火烟雾对PM2.5中27种化学物种的多变量因果效应,通过引入因果推断框架和贝叶斯因子模型,提升了对复杂依赖关系的建模能力。

摘要:

野火烟雾对空气质量的影响是一个日益增长的关切,通过复杂的化学物种混合物导致空气污染,对公共健康有重要影响。尽管先前的研究主要集中在总颗粒物(PM2.5)与其关联上,但野火烟雾与PM2.5化学组成之间的因果关系仍 largely 未被探索。暴露于这些化学混合物在塑造公共健康中起关键作用,但捕捉它们的关系需要能够建模化学物种之间复杂依赖关系的先进统计方法。为填补这一空白,我们提出了一种贝叶斯因果回归因子模型,估计野火烟雾对美国27种化学物种浓度的多变量因果效应。我们的方法引入了两个关键创新:(i)用于多变量潜在结果的因果推断框架,以及(ii)一种新的贝叶斯因子模型,使用probit stick-breaking过程作为治疗特定因子分数的先验。通过聚焦因子分数,我们的方法解决了因果推断中常见的缺失数据挑战,并使能够灵活、数据驱动地表征潜在因子结构,这对于捕捉多变量结果之间的复杂相关性至关重要。通过蒙特卡罗模拟,我们展示了模型在估计多变量结果中的因果效应和表征治疗特定潜在结构方面的准确性。最后,我们将我们的方法应用于美国空气质量数据,估计野火烟雾对PM2.5中27种化学物种的因果效应,提供了对其相互依赖性的深入理解。

英文摘要:

The impact of wildfire smoke on air quality is a growing concern, contributing to air pollution through a complex mixture of chemical species with important implications for public health. While previous studies have primarily focused on its association with total particulate matter (PM2.5), the causal relationship between wildfire smoke and the chemical composition of PM2.5 remains largely unexplored. Exposure to these chemical mixtures plays a critical role in shaping public health, yet capturing their relationships requires advanced statistical methods capable of modeling the complex dependencies among chemical species. To fill this gap, we propose a Bayesian causal regression factor model that estimates the multivariate causal effects of wildfire smoke on the concentration of 27 chemical species in PM2.5 across the United States. Our approach introduces two key innovations: (i) a causal inference framework for multivariate potential outcomes, and (ii) a novel Bayesian factor model that employs a probit stick-breaking process as prior for treatment-specific factor scores. By focusing on factor scores, our method addresses the missing data challenge common in causal inference and enables a flexible, data-driven characterization of the latent factor structure, which is crucial to capture the complex correlation among multivariate outcomes. Through Monte Carlo simulations, we show the model's accuracy in estimating the causal effects in multivariate outcomes and characterizing the treatment-specific latent structure. Finally, we apply our method to US air quality data, estimating the causal effect of wildfire smoke on 27 chemical species in PM2.5, providing a deeper understanding of their interdependencies.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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