Robots navigating human-populated environments must avoid collisions while respecting the social structure of crowds, particularly the implicit boundaries of social groups. Most navigation approaches model humans as independent individuals,causing socially disruptive behavior even when collision-free. This paper presents TAGA (Tangent Action for Group Avoidance), detected group boundaries via tangent-path maneuvers without modifying the underlying navigation policy. A hierarchical safety controller coordinates group-level avoidance with individual collision prevention. We propose the Group Crossing Rate (GCR), a continuous metric measuring the fraction of timesteps the robot spends inside any group convex hull, providing finer-grained social compliance assessment than terminal metrics alone. We introduce a realistic crowd simulation benchmark with five empirically grounded phases: individual speed heterogeneity, group speed coupling, F-formation static groups, leader-follower dynamics, and convex-hull boundaries, evaluated under both ORCA and Social Force pedestrian dynamics. Experiments across ORCA, Social Force, DS-RNN, and Intention-RL reveal a reactive-learning asymmetry: TAGA provides the largest gains for classical reactive baselines (up to +8pp success rate, GCR halved) with near-zero cost for learned policies. These findings offer actionable guidance for when modular group-awareness adds value versus when end-to-end group-aware training is preferable.
Hong Kong University of Science and Technology（香港科技大学）；Carnegie Mellon University（卡内基梅隆大学）
In densely populated environments, socially compliant navigation is critical for autonomous robots as driving close to people is unavoidable. This manner of social navigation is challenging given the constraints of human comfort and social rules. Traditional methods based on hand-craft cost functions to achieve this task have difficulties to operate in the complex real world. Other learning-based approaches fail to address the naturalness aspect from the perspective of collective formation behaviors. We present an autonomous navigation system capable of operating in dense crowds and utilizing …
MAction-SocialNav: Multi-Action Socially Compliant Navigation via Reasoning-enhanced Prompt Tuning
Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University（信息科学与技术研究生院，北海道大学）；Graduate School of Computer Science, George Mason University（计算机科学研究生院，乔治·梅森大学）
We present CoMet, a novel approach for computing a group's cohesion and using that to improve a robot's navigation in crowded scenes. Our approach uses a novel cohesion-metric that builds on prior work in social psychology. We compute this metric by utilizing various visual features of pedestrians from an RGB-D camera on-board a robot. Specifically, we detect characteristics corresponding to proximity between people, their relative walking speeds, the group size, and interactions between group members. We use our cohesion-metric to design and improve a navigation scheme that accounts for diffe…
The University of Texas at Austin（德克萨斯大学奥斯汀分校）；Army Research Laboratory（陆军研究实验室）；Google（谷歌）
Social navigation is the capability of an autonomous agent, such as a robot, to navigate in a 'socially compliant' manner in the presence of other intelligent agents such as humans. With the emergence of autonomously navigating mobile robots in human populated environments (e.g., domestic service robots in homes and restaurants and food delivery robots on public sidewalks), incorporating socially compliant navigation behaviors on these robots becomes critical to ensuring safe and comfortable human robot coexistence. To address this challenge, imitation learning is a promising framework, since …
Moving in dynamic pedestrian environments is one of the important requirements for autonomous mobile robots. We present a model-based reinforcement learning approach for robots to navigate through crowded environments. The navigation policy is trained with both real interaction data from multi-agent simulation and virtual data from a deep transition model that predicts the evolution of surrounding dynamics of mobile robots. The model takes laser scan sequence and robot's own state as input and outputs steering control. The laser sequence is further transformed into stacked local obstacle maps …
Purdue University（普渡大学）；Beijing University of Chemical Technology（北京化工大学）
Socially aware robot navigation, where a robot is required to optimize its trajectory to maintain comfortable and compliant spatial interactions with humans in addition to reaching its goal without collisions, is a fundamental yet challenging task in the context of human-robot interaction. While existing learning-based methods have achieved better performance than the preceding model-based ones, they still have drawbacks: reinforcement learning depends on the handcrafted reward that is unlikely to effectively quantify broad social compliance, and can lead to reward exploitation problems; meanw…
University of Catania（卡塔尼亚大学）；Philips Research（飞利浦研究院）；ICAR-CNR（意大利国家研究委员会信息与高性能计算与网络研究所）
Intelligent systems are increasingly part of our everyday lives and have been integrated seamlessly to the point where it is difficult to imagine a world without them. Physical manifestations of those systems on the other hand, in the form of embodied agents or robots, have so far been used only for specific applications and are often limited to functional roles (e.g. in the industry, entertainment and military fields). Given the current growth and innovation in the research communities concerned with the topics of robot navigation, human-robot-interaction and human activity recognition, it se…
SPLC: Social Preference Learning for Crowd Robot Navigation
Wuhan University of Science and Technology（武汉科技大学）；Hubei Province Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing and Real-time Industrial System（湖北省智能信息处理与实时工业系统重点实验室）
Interaction-Aware Model Predictive Decision-Making for Socially-Compliant Autonomous Driving in Mixed Urban Traffic Scenarios
Institute of Control Systems, Karlsruhe Institute for Technology（控制系统研究所，卡尔斯鲁厄技术学院）；Wuerzburg Institute for Traffic Sciences GmbH（魏玛交通科学研究所有限公司）；Faculty of Engineering - Mechanical Engineering Dept, University of Alberta（工程学院-机械工程系，阿尔伯塔大学）
Robots navigating in human crowds need to optimize their paths not only for their task performance but also for their compliance to social norms. One of the key challenges in this context is the lack of standard metrics for evaluating and optimizing a socially compliant behavior. Existing works in social navigation can be grouped according to the differences in their optimization objectives. For instance, the reinforcement learning approaches tend to optimize on the \textit{comfort} aspect of the socially compliant navigation, whereas the inverse reinforcement learning approaches are designed …
Logic-Guided Socially-aware Robot Navigation World Model
School of Applied and Creative Computing, Purdue University（应用与创意计算学院，普渡大学）；Department of Computer Science, Purdue University（计算机科学系，普渡大学）；Department of Applied Artificial Intelligence, Sungkyunkwan University（应用人工智能系，成均馆大学）；Department of Computer Science and Department of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Indiana University Bloomington（计算机科学系和智能系统工程系，印第安纳大学布卢明顿分校）
ViLAM: Distilling Vision-Language Reasoning into Attention Maps for Social Robot Navigation
Dept. of Electrical and Computer Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA（电气与计算机工程系，马里兰大学，College Park, MD, USA）；Dept. of Computer Science, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA（计算机科学系，马里兰大学，College Park, MD, USA）；James Clark School of Engineering, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, USA（James Clark工程学院，马里兰大学，College Park, MD, USA）
The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology（香港科技大学）；Albert Ludwig University of Freiburg（阿尔伯特·路德维希 Freiburg 大学）
We present an approach for mobile robots to learn to navigate in dynamic environments with pedestrians via raw depth inputs, in a socially compliant manner. To achieve this, we adopt a generative adversarial imitation learning (GAIL) strategy, which improves upon a pre-trained behavior cloning policy. Our approach overcomes the disadvantages of previous methods, as they heavily depend on the full knowledge of the location and velocity information of nearby pedestrians, which not only requires specific sensors, but also the extraction of such state information from raw sensory input could consu…
Vision-Language Models for Deployable Social Robot Navigation: Bridging Semantic Reasoning and Low-Level Control
Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University（弘前大学信息科学与技术研究生院）；Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, The University of Tokyo（东京大学信息科学与技术研究生院）
Navigating the Crowd: Non-linear MPC with Social Forces Dynamics for Human-Aware Robot Navigation
Department of Electronics and Telecommunications, Politecnico di Torino（电子与电信系，都灵理工大学）；School of Engineering, Pablo de Olavide University（工程学院，巴勃罗·德奥拉维德大学）
MUSON: A Reasoning-oriented Multimodal Dataset for Socially Compliant Navigation in Urban Environments
Graduate School of Information Science and Technology, Hokkaido University（北海道大学信息科学研究生院）；Graduate School of Computer Science, George Mason University（乔治·马歇尔大学计算机科学研究生院）
University of California, Berkeley（加州大学伯克利分校）；Carnegie Mellon University（卡内基梅隆大学）
Planning under social interactions with other agents is an essential problem for autonomous driving. As the actions of the autonomous vehicle in the interactions affect and are also affected by other agents, autonomous vehicles need to efficiently infer the reaction of the other agents. Most existing approaches formulate the problem as a generalized Nash equilibrium problem solved by optimization-based methods. However, they demand too much computational resource and easily fall into the local minimum due to the non-convexity. Monte Carlo Tree Search (MCTS) successfully tackles such issues in …
Learn2Drive: A neural network-based framework for socially compliant automated vehicle control
Department of Civil Engineering（土木工程系）；Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering（电气与计算机工程系）；Department of Civil, Environmental, and Architectural Engineering（土木、环境与建筑工程系）；The University of Kansas（堪萨斯大学）
A Lightweight Crowd Model for Robot Social Navigation
Department of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Aalto University（艾尔沃斯大学电气工程与自动化系）；Chair of Perception for Intelligent Systems, TU Munich（慕尼黑工业大学智能系统感知 chair）；Institute of Communications and Navigation, German Aerospace Center (DLR)（德国航空航天中心通讯与导航研究所）
Large efforts have focused on ensuring that the controllers for mobile service robots follow proxemics and other social rules to ensure both safe and socially acceptable distance to pedestrians. Nonetheless, involuntary contact may be unavoidable when the robot travels in crowded areas or when encountering adversarial pedestrians. Freezing the robot in response to contact might be detrimental to bystanders' safety and prevents it from achieving its task. Unavoidable contacts must hence be controlled to ensure the safe and smooth travelling of robots in pedestrian alleys. We present a force-lim…
HCSG: Human-Centric Semantic-Geometric Reasoning for Vision-Language Navigation
The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou)（香港科技大学（广州））；Tsinghua University（清华大学）；University of Science and Technology Beijing（北京科技大学）；National University of Singapore（新加坡国立大学）；Shanghai Jiao Tong University（上海交通大学）
University of British Columbia（不列颠哥伦比亚大学）；Monash University（莫纳什大学）
In this paper, we propose a novel navigation system for mobile robots in pedestrian-rich sidewalk environments. Sidewalks are unique in that the pedestrian-shared space has characteristics of both roads and indoor spaces. Like vehicles on roads, pedestrian movement often manifests as linear flows in opposing directions. On the other hand, pedestrians also form crowds and can exhibit much more random movements than vehicles. Classical algorithms are insufficient for safe navigation around pedestrians and remaining on the sidewalk space. Thus, our approach takes advantage of natural human motion…
Robots moving safely and in a socially compliant manner in dynamic human environments is an essential benchmark for long-term robot autonomy. However, it is not feasible to learn and benchmark social navigation behaviors entirely in the real world, as learning is data-intensive, and it is challenging to make safety guarantees during training. Therefore, simulation-based benchmarks that provide abstractions for social navigation are required. A framework for these benchmarks would need to support a wide variety of learning approaches, be extensible to the broad range of social navigation scenar…
Human-Aware Robot Navigation via Reinforcement Learning with Hindsight Experience Replay and Curriculum Learning
The Chinese University of Hong Kong（香港中文大学）；Southern University of Science and Technology（南方科技大学）；Shenzhen Research Institute of the Chinese University of Hong Kong（香港中文大学深圳研究院）
In this paper, we present an algorithm to efficiently learn socially-compliant navigation policies from observations of human trajectories. As mobile robots come to inhabit and traffic social spaces, they must account for social cues and behave in a socially compliant manner. We focus on learning such cues from examples. We describe an inverse reinforcement learning based algorithm which learns from human trajectory observations without knowing their specific actions. We increase the sample-efficiency of our approach over alternative methods by leveraging the notion of a replay buffer (found i…
Target following in dynamic pedestrian environments is an important task for mobile robots. However, it is challenging to keep tracking the target while avoiding collisions in crowded environments, especially with only one robot. In this paper, we propose a multi-agent method for an arbitrary number of robots to follow the target in a socially-aware manner using only 2D laser scans. The multi-agent following problem is tackled by utilizing the complementary strengths of both reinforcement learning and potential field, in which the reinforcement learning part handles local interactions while na…
Massachusetts Institute of Technology（麻省理工学院）；IBM Thomas J. Watson Research Center（IBM托马斯·J·沃森研究中心）
For robotic vehicles to navigate safely and efficiently in pedestrian-rich environments, it is important to model subtle human behaviors and navigation rules (e.g., passing on the right). However, while instinctive to humans, socially compliant navigation is still difficult to quantify due to the stochasticity in people's behaviors. Existing works are mostly focused on using feature-matching techniques to describe and imitate human paths, but often do not generalize well since the feature values can vary from person to person, and even run to run. This work notes that while it is challenging t…
Token-Wise Latent Streaming from Slow Reasoners to Fast Planners for Dynamic Vision Language Navigation
The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology（香港科技大学）；The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou)（香港科技大学（广州））；National University of Singapore（新加坡国立大学）；Zhejiang University（浙江大学）
SAGE: A Socially-Aware Generative Engine for Heterogeneous Multi-Agent Navigation
Guohao School, Tongji University（同济大学国豪书院）；Shanghai Research Institute for Intelligent Autonomous Systems（上海智能无人系统科学中心）；Tongji University（同济大学）；Western University（西安大略大学）；Aeromind Technology Co., Ltd.（深圳智元科技有限公司）；University at Buffalo-SUNY（纽约州立大学布法罗分校）
