arXivDaily arXiv每日学术速递 周一至周五更新
arXiv周末暂无论文更新,休息一下吧,周末愉快~~
arXiv 2503.04553cond-mat.quant-gas
收藏

作为囚禁 Bose 气体温度计的 Bose 极化子:一项量子 Monte Carlo 研究

The Bose polaron as thermometer of a trapped Bose gas: a quantum Monte Carlo study

Tomasz Wasak, Gerard Pascual, Gregory E. Astrakharchik, Jordi Boronat, Antonio Negretti

AI总结:

本研究利用 ab-initio Path Integral Monte Carlo 模拟,探讨了浸入囚禁 Bose 气体中的中性杂质作为温度计的潜力,发现其在低温下具有高精度和稳健性,且最大似然估计精度可逼近 Quantum Fisher Information 极限。

摘要:

量子杂质与量子环境相互作用为理解多体系统提供了独特视角。在此,我们探讨浸入处于 Bose-Einstein 凝聚临界温度 $T_c$ 以下、谐振囚禁的 bosonic 量子气体中的中性杂质的热力学测温潜力。利用有限温度下的 ab-initio Path Integral Monte Carlo 模拟,我们通过其实验可观测的物理量(如空间分布)分析了杂质对温度变化的敏感性。我们的结果覆盖温度范围 $-1.1 \leqslant T/T_c \leqslant 0.9$,表明在较低温度下,该杂质的表现优于基于单组分 bath 的估计,在 1000 次测量重复下实现了 3-4% 的相对精度。虽然非零的 boson-impurity 相互作用强度 $g_{BI}$ 会略微降低准确性,但杂质的性能依然稳健,特别是在低温区域 $T/T_c \lesssim 0.45$ 以及所分析的相互作用强度 $0 \leqslant g_{BI}/g \leqslant 5$(其中 $g$ 为 boson-boson 耦合)范围内。我们证实量子光学模型能很好地捕捉温度传感器对杂质-气体相互作用的依赖关系。尽管我们的发现与先前研究在定性上一致,但我们的 Monte Carlo 模拟提供了更高的精度。我们发现,最大似然估计协议达到了与 Quantum Fisher Information 界限所设定极限相当的精度。最后,利用 Hellinger 距离方法,我们直接提取了 Fisher 信息,并发现通过利用极值顺序统计量,远离陷阱中心的杂质比靠近中心的杂质对热效应更为敏感。

英文摘要:

Quantum impurities interacting with quantum environments offer unique insights into many-body systems. Here, we explore the thermometric potential of a neutral impurity immersed in a harmonically trapped bosonic quantum gas below the Bose-Einstein condensation critical temperature $T_c$. Using ab-initio Path Integral Monte Carlo simulations at finite temperatures, we analyze the impurity's sensitivity to temperature changes by exploiting experimentally accessible observables such as its spatial distribution. Our results, covering a temperature range of $-1.1 \leqslant T/T_c \leqslant 0.9$, reveal that the impurity outperforms estimations based on a one-species bath at lower temperatures, achieving relative precision of 3-4\% for 1000 measurement repetitions. While non-zero boson-impurity interaction strength $g_{BI}$ slightly reduces the accuracy, the impurity's performance remains robust, especially in the low-temperature regime $T/T_c \lesssim 0.45$ withing the analyzed interaction strengths $0 \leqslant g_{BI}/g \leqslant 5$, where $g$ is the boson-boson coupling. We confirm that quantum optical models can capture rather well the dependence of the temperature sensor on the impurity-gas interaction. Although our findings are in qualitative agreement with previous studies, our Monte Carlo simulations offer improved precision. We find that the maximum likelihood estimation protocol approaches the precision comparable to the limit set by the Quantum Fisher Information bound. Finally, using the Hellinger distance method, we directly extract the Fisher information and find that, by exploiting the extremum order statistics, impurities far from the trap center are more sensitive to thermal effects than those close to the trap center.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

↑