本研究利用 ab-initio Path Integral Monte Carlo 模拟,探讨了浸入囚禁 Bose 气体中的中性杂质作为温度计的潜力,发现其在低温下具有高精度和稳健性,且最大似然估计精度可逼近 Quantum Fisher Information 极限。
摘要:
量子杂质与量子环境相互作用为理解多体系统提供了独特视角。在此,我们探讨浸入处于 Bose-Einstein 凝聚临界温度 $T_c$ 以下、谐振囚禁的 bosonic 量子气体中的中性杂质的热力学测温潜力。利用有限温度下的 ab-initio Path Integral Monte Carlo 模拟,我们通过其实验可观测的物理量(如空间分布)分析了杂质对温度变化的敏感性。我们的结果覆盖温度范围 $-1.1 \leqslant T/T_c \leqslant 0.9$,表明在较低温度下,该杂质的表现优于基于单组分 bath 的估计,在 1000 次测量重复下实现了 3-4% 的相对精度。虽然非零的 boson-impurity 相互作用强度 $g_{BI}$ 会略微降低准确性,但杂质的性能依然稳健,特别是在低温区域 $T/T_c \lesssim 0.45$ 以及所分析的相互作用强度 $0 \leqslant g_{BI}/g \leqslant 5$(其中 $g$ 为 boson-boson 耦合)范围内。我们证实量子光学模型能很好地捕捉温度传感器对杂质-气体相互作用的依赖关系。尽管我们的发现与先前研究在定性上一致,但我们的 Monte Carlo 模拟提供了更高的精度。我们发现,最大似然估计协议达到了与 Quantum Fisher Information 界限所设定极限相当的精度。最后,利用 Hellinger 距离方法,我们直接提取了 Fisher 信息,并发现通过利用极值顺序统计量,远离陷阱中心的杂质比靠近中心的杂质对热效应更为敏感。
英文摘要:
Quantum impurities interacting with quantum environments offer unique insights into many-body systems. Here, we explore the thermometric potential of a neutral impurity immersed in a harmonically trapped bosonic quantum gas below the Bose-Einstein condensation critical temperature $T_c$. Using ab-initio Path Integral Monte Carlo simulations at finite temperatures, we analyze the impurity's sensitivity to temperature changes by exploiting experimentally accessible observables such as its spatial distribution. Our results, covering a temperature range of $-1.1 \leqslant T/T_c \leqslant 0.9$, reveal that the impurity outperforms estimations based on a one-species bath at lower temperatures, achieving relative precision of 3-4\% for 1000 measurement repetitions. While non-zero boson-impurity interaction strength $g_{BI}$ slightly reduces the accuracy, the impurity's performance remains robust, especially in the low-temperature regime $T/T_c \lesssim 0.45$ withing the analyzed interaction strengths $0 \leqslant g_{BI}/g \leqslant 5$, where $g$ is the boson-boson coupling. We confirm that quantum optical models can capture rather well the dependence of the temperature sensor on the impurity-gas interaction. Although our findings are in qualitative agreement with previous studies, our Monte Carlo simulations offer improved precision. We find that the maximum likelihood estimation protocol approaches the precision comparable to the limit set by the Quantum Fisher Information bound. Finally, using the Hellinger distance method, we directly extract the Fisher information and find that, by exploiting the extremum order statistics, impurities far from the trap center are more sensitive to thermal effects than those close to the trap center.
Programmable Polaron Models and Tomography in Trapped-Ion Quantum Simulators
Institute for Theoretical Physics, ETH Zürich(苏黎世联邦理工学院理论物理研究所);IBM Quantum, IBM Research – Zurich(IBM量子,IBM苏黎世研究中心);Department of Physics and Astronomy and Smalley-Curl Institute, Rice University(莱斯大学天体物理学与天文系及Smalley-Curl研究所);California Institute of Technology(加州理工学院)
Polaron-Polaritons in Subwavelength Arrays of Trapped Atoms
Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen(哥本哈根大学尼尔斯·玻尔研究所);Max-Planck-Institut für Quantenoptik(马克斯·普朗克量子光学研究所);ICFO-Institut de Ciencies Fotoniques, The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology(巴塞罗那科技学院光子科学研究所);PlanQC GmbH(PlanQC有限公司);Munich Center for Quantum Science and Technology(慕尼黑量子科学与技术中心);Department of Physics, Columbia University(哥伦比亚大学物理系);Department of Mathematical Sciences, University of Copenhagen(哥本哈根大学数学科学系);Instituto de Física Fundamental - Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científica (CSIC)(西班牙国家科学研究委员会基础物理研究所)
BEC polaron in harmonic trap potential at weak coupling regime: Lee-Low-Pines type approach
本文计算了单杂质原子在轴对称谐振势场中与玻色原子相互作用的超冷原子的玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体中的零温结合能。在这种情况下,玻色子在杂质周围被激发,形成准粒子,即BEC极化子。本文发展了一种描述电-声子系统的变分方法--{ \it a la} Lee-Low-Pines(LLP)理论,用于描述角动量守恒的极化子。数值结果表明,杂质与激发玻色子之间的结合能打破了关于极化子总角动量的简并。角动量部分地被激发玻色子所共享,这是由于类似于LLP理论中声子云对极化子动量的拖曳效应的机制。
Correlated decoherence and thermometry with mobile impurities in a 1D Fermi gas
School of Physics, Trinity College Dublin(都柏林三一学院物理学院);Quantum Systems Unit, OIST Graduate University(冲绳科学技术大学院大学量子系统单元);Department of Physics, King’s College London(伦敦国王学院物理系)
Spin-orbit coupled spin-boson model : A variational analysis
Korea Institute for Advanced Study(韩国高等研究院);Indian Institute of Science Education and Research-Kolkata(印度科学教育与研究学院-加尔各答);Sister Nivedita University(尼维塔达姐妹大学)