玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚杂质隧穿的量子蒙特卡罗模拟
Quantum Monte Carlo simulation of BEC-impurity tunneling
摘要：
极化子隧穿是以不同能量尺度为特征的问题的一个突出例子，对于该问题，标准量子蒙特卡罗方法面临减速问题。我们提出了一种新的量子隧穿蒙特卡罗（QTMC）方法，它是免费的这个问题，并可用于广泛的隧穿现象。我们将其应用于研究杂质与一维玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体的相互作用，并同时囚禁在外部双阱势中。我们的方案适用于粒子和凝聚体之间的任意耦合，同时，允许考虑隧道效应。我们发现了两个明显的准粒子峰，分别与声子辅助隧穿和自陷杂质，这是在一个交叉制度的系统建模。当耦合强度增加时，我们观察并分析了峰的权重和光谱位置（或者，同样地，准粒子的有效质量）的变化。可能的实验实现使用冷原子进行了讨论。
英文摘要：
Polaron tunneling is a prominent example of a problem characterized by different energy scales, for which the standard quantum Monte Carlo methods face a slowdown problem. We propose a new quantum-tunneling Monte Carlo (QTMC) method which is free from this issue and can be used for a wide range of tunneling phenomena. We apply it to study an impurity interacting with a one-dimensional Bose-Einstein condensate and simultaneously trapped in an external double-well potential. Our scheme works for an arbitrary coupling between the particle and condensate and, at the same time, allows for an account of tunneling effects. We discover two distinct quasi-particle peaks associated, respectively, with the phonon-assisted tunneling and the self-trapping of the impurity, which are in a crossover regime for the system modeled. We observe and analyze changes in the weights and spectral positions of the peaks (or, equally, effective masses of the quasi-particles) when the coupling strength is increased. Possible experimental realizations using cold atoms are discussed.
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