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arXiv 0906.4455cond-mat.quant-gas
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BEC-杂质极化子的Feynman路径积分处理

Feynman path-integral treatment of the BEC-impurity polaron

J. Tempere, W. Casteels, M. K. Oberthaler, E. Timmermans, J. T. Devreese

摘要:

玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体中杂质原子的描述可以用Frohlich极化子哈密顿量的形式来描述,其中Bogoliubov激发起声子的作用。导出了相应的极化子耦合强度的表达式,并将耦合强度与散射长度、陷阱大小和玻色凝聚原子数联系起来。这允许确定几种方法来达到量子气体极化子的强耦合极限,而这个极限是迄今为止在固体实验上无法达到的。我们应用费曼的路径积分方法计算所有耦合强度的极化移动的自由能和有效质量的增加。温度对这些量的影响包括在说明书中。我们发现相似的声学极化子的结果和自由极化子和自陷极化子之间的过渡的迹象。在现有理论的基础上,讨论了钠凝聚体中锂原子的超冷气体极化子物理研究的前景。

英文摘要:

The description of an impurity atom in a Bose-Einstein condensate can be cast in the form of Frohlich's polaron Hamiltonian, where the Bogoliubov excitations play the role of the phonons. An expression for the corresponding polaronic coupling strength is derived, relating the coupling strength to the scattering lengths, the trap size and the number of Bose condensed atoms. This allows to identify several approaches to reach the strong-coupling limit for the quantum gas polarons, whereas this limit was hitherto experimentally inaccessible in solids. We apply Feynman's path-integral method to calculate for all coupling strengths the polaronic shift in the free energy and the increase in the effective mass. The effect of temperature on these quantities is included in the description. We find similarities to the acoustic polaron results and indications of a transition between free polarons and self-trapped polarons. The prospects, based on the current theory, of investigating the polaron physics with ultracold gases are discussed for lithium atoms in a sodium condensate.

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