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arXiv 2503.03464cs.RO
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生成式人工智能在机器人操作中的应用:综述

Generative Artificial Intelligence in Robotic Manipulation: A Survey

LimX Dynamics(灵蜥科技);University of Hong Kong(香港大学);Southern University of Science and Technology(南方科技大学);Zhejiang University(浙江大学);The Hong Kong Polytechnic University(香港理工大学);The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology(香港科技大学);Tsinghua University(清华大学);Great Bay University(大湾区大学)

Kun Zhang, Peng Yun, Jun Cen, Junhao Cai, Didi Zhu, Hangjie Yuan, Chao Zhao, Tao Feng, Michael Yu Wang, Qifeng Chen, Jia Pan, Wei Zhang, Bo Yang, Hua Chen

AI总结:

本文综述了生成式人工智能在机器人操作中的最新进展,系统梳理GAN、VAE、扩散模型等生成范式及其在数据生成、多模态生成和策略生成三个层级的应用,并指出未来需提升数据效率、长时程任务处理与跨场景泛化能力。

摘要:

本综述全面回顾了生成式学习模型在机器人操作领域的最新进展,并探讨了该领域面临的关键挑战。机器人操作存在关键瓶颈,包括数据不足和数据获取效率低下的重大挑战、长时程和复杂任务规划,以及跨多样环境实现鲁棒策略学习性能所需的多模态推理能力。为应对这些挑战,本综述介绍了几种生成模型范式,包括生成对抗网络(GANs)、变分自编码器(VAEs)、扩散模型、概率流模型和自回归模型,并重点分析了它们的优势与局限。这些模型的应用被划分为三个层级:基础层,专注于数据生成和奖励生成;中间层,涵盖语言、代码、视觉和状态生成;策略层,侧重于抓取生成和轨迹生成。每个层级都得到了详细探讨,并介绍了推动当前最优水平发展的重要工作。最后,本综述概述了未来的研究方向和挑战,强调需要提高数据利用效率、更好地处理长时程任务,以及增强跨多样机器人场景的泛化能力。所有相关资源,包括研究论文、开源数据和项目,均已为社区收集于 https://github.com/GAI4Manipulation/AwesomeGAIManipulation。

英文摘要:

This survey provides a comprehensive review on recent advancements of generative learning models in robotic manipulation, addressing key challenges in the field. Robotic manipulation faces critical bottlenecks, including significant challenges in insufficient data and inefficient data acquisition, long-horizon and complex task planning, and the multi-modality reasoning ability for robust policy learning performance across diverse environments. To tackle these challenges, this survey introduces several generative model paradigms, including Generative Adversarial Networks (GANs), Variational Autoencoders (VAEs), diffusion models, probabilistic flow models, and autoregressive models, highlighting their strengths and limitations. The applications of these models are categorized into three hierarchical layers: the Foundation Layer, focusing on data generation and reward generation; the Intermediate Layer, covering language, code, visual, and state generation; and the Policy Layer, emphasizing grasp generation and trajectory generation. Each layer is explored in detail, along with notable works that have advanced the state of the art. Finally, the survey outlines future research directions and challenges, emphasizing the need for improved efficiency in data utilization, better handling of long-horizon tasks, and enhanced generalization across diverse robotic scenarios. All the related resources, including research papers, open-source data, and projects, are collected for the community in https://github.com/GAI4Manipulation/AwesomeGAIManipulation

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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