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arXiv 2502.14435nucl-th
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从头计算法研究超中子星

Hyper-neutron stars from an ab initio calculation

Hui Tong, Serdar Elhatisari, Ulf-G. Meißner

AI总结:

本文通过新开发的辅助场量子蒙特卡罗算法结合核晶格有效场论,对含超子的中子星性质进行从头计算,推导三种EoS并确定关键天体物理量,其预测与最新观测约束一致,还首次研究旋转构型影响。

摘要:

中子物质的状态方程(EoS)对于理解中子星性质及中子星并合产生的引力波起着决定性作用。在足够高的密度下,超子的出现通常会软化EoS,导致中子星的最大质量显著降低,远低于观测到的约2个太阳质量。尽管已知排斥性三体相互作用可解决这一所谓的“超子谜题”,但迄今为止,对包含大量超子的中子星性质进行从头计算仍难以实现。本文基于新开发的辅助场量子蒙特卡罗算法,模拟无符号振荡的超中子物质(HNM),并采用最先进的核晶格有效场论推导了三种不同的EoS。我们纳入了NΛ、ΛΛ两体相互作用以及NNΛ、NΛΛ三体相互作用。由此,我们确定了中子星质量、半径、潮汐形变能力及普适I-Love-Q关系等关键天体物理量。基于最真实的EoS,1.4M⊙中子星的最大质量、半径和潮汐形变能力分别预测为2.17(1)(1)M⊙、R₁.₄M⊙=13.10(1)(7)km和Λ₁.₄M⊙=597(5)(18)。这些预测与从大质量中子星观测、引力波及联合质量-半径测量中得出的最新天体物理约束高度一致。此外,我们首次通过从头计算研究了非旋转和旋转中子星构型,结果表明无论EoS中是否存在超子,旋转动力学对最大质量的影响都很小。

英文摘要:

The equation of state (EoS) of neutron matter plays a decisive role to understand the neutron star properties and the gravitational waves from neutron star mergers. At sufficient densities, the appearance of hyperons generally softens the EoS, leading to a reduction in the maximum mass of neutron stars well below the observed values of about 2 solar masses. Even though repulsive three-body forces are known to solve this so-called ``hyperon puzzle'', so far performing \textit{ab initio} calculations with a substantial number of hyperons for neutron star properties has remained elusive. Starting from the newly developed auxiliary field quantum Monte Carlo algorithm to simulate hyper-neutron matter (HNM) without any sign oscillations, we derive three distinct EoSs by employing the state-of-the-art Nuclear Lattice Effective Field Theory. We include $NΛ$, $ΛΛ$ two-body forces, $NNΛ$, and $NΛΛ$ three-body forces. Consequently, we determine essential astrophysical quantities such as the neutron star mass, radius, tidal deformability, and the universal $I$-Love-$Q$ relation. The maximum mass, radius and tidal deformability of a $1.4M_\odot$ neutron star are predicted to be $2.17(1)(1)~M_\odot$, $R_{1.4M\odot}=13.10(1)(7)~$km, and $Λ_{1.4M_\odot}=597(5)(18)$, respectively, based on our most realistic EoS. These predictions are in good agreement with the latest astrophysical constraints derived from observations of massive neutron stars, gravitational waves, and joint mass-radius measurements. Also, for the first time in \textit{ab initio} calculations, we investigate both non-rotating and rotating neutron star configurations. The results indicate that the impact of rotational dynamics on the maximum mass is small, regardless of whether hyperons are present in the EoS or not.

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