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arXiv 2502.08057nucl-thhep-exnucl-ex
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通过相对论重离子碰撞直接探测$^{20}$Ne中$α$-团簇结构的存在

Directly probing existence of $α$-cluster structure in $^{20}$Ne by relativistic heavy-ion collisions

Lu-Meng Liu, Hai-Cheng Wang, Song-Jie Li, Chunjian Zhang, Jun Xu, Zhong-Zhou Ren, Jiangyong Jia, Xu-Guang Huang

备注：
6 pages, 4 figures
发表信息：
Physical Review C 111, L021901 (2025)
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AI总结：

本研究提出通过测量超中心$^{20}$Ne+$^{20}$Ne碰撞中自由旁观者中子与特定质荷比带电粒子的标度产额比，可直接且稳健地探测$^{20}$Ne中的$α$-团簇结构，规避中快度动力学不确定性。

摘要：

相对论重离子碰撞究竟只能探测碰撞核的整体形状，还是也能探测其精细的内部结构？我们以$^{20}$Ne为例，通过对比相对论能量下碰撞实验测量的可观测量与有、无$α$-团簇结构的$^{20}$Ne密度分布的对应结果，尝试直接探测其内部的$α$-团簇结构。由于两种密度分布给出的原子核大小和形变相同，它们会产生相似的中快度可观测量。然而，由于$α$团簇内部核子的初始相空间分布更紧凑，$α$-团簇结构可能会显著降低自由旁观者核子产额，并提升旁观者轻核产额。我们提出在超中心$^{20}$Ne+$^{20}$Ne碰撞中，测量自由旁观者中子与质荷比$A/Z=3$、$3/2$和$2$的带电粒子的标度产额比；研究发现，当$^{20}$Ne中存在$α$-团簇结构时，该比值在$\boldsymbol{\big/\big/ s_{NN}}=7$ TeV时降低约$25\%$，在$\boldsymbol{\big/\big/ s_{NN}}=200$ GeV时降低约$20\%$。因此，该标度产额比可作为一种稳健且直接的探针，用于探测$^{20}$Ne中$α$-团簇结构的存在，且不受中快度动力学不确定性的影响。

英文摘要：

Can relativistic heavy-ion collisions only probe the global shape of colliding nuclei, or their detailed internal structure as well? Taking $^{20}$Ne as an example, we attempt to directly probe its internal $α$-cluster structure, by comparing experimentally measured observables in collisions at relativistic energies from density distributions of $^{20}$Ne with and without $α$-cluster structure. Since the two density distributions give the same nucleus size and deformation, they lead to similar mid-rapidity observables. However, the $α$-cluster structure may considerably reduce the free spectator nucleon yield and enhance the spectator light nuclei yield, as a result of more compact initial phase-space distribution of nucleons inside $α$ clusters. We propose to measure the scaled yield ratio of free spectator neutrons to charged particles with mass-to-charge ratio $A/Z = 3$, 3/2, and 2 in ultra-central $^{20}$Ne+$^{20}$Ne collisions, which is found to be reduced by about $25\%$ at $\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}} = 7$ TeV and about $20\%$ at $\sqrt{s_\mathrm{NN}} = 200$ GeV with $α$-cluster structure in $^{20}$Ne. This scaled yield ratio thus serves as a robust and direct probe of the existence of $α$-cluster structure in $^{20}$Ne free from the uncertainty of mid-rapidity dynamics.

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