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arXiv 2502.04481astro-ph.GA
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PHANGS-ALMA中云尺度气体性质、耗尽时间及自由落体时间下的恒星形成效率

Cloud-scale gas properties, depletion times, and star formation efficiency per free-fall time in PHANGS--ALMA

The Ohio State University(俄亥俄州立大学);Princeton University(普林斯顿大学);Universiteit Gent(根特大学);Lund University(隆德大学);Academia Sinica(中央研究院);University of Edinburgh(爱丁堡大学);University of Zürich(苏黎世大学);Universität Heidelberg(海德堡大学);University of Michigan(密歇根大学);CNRS, IRAP(法国国家科学研究中心/天体物理研究所)
Adam K. Leroy, Jiayi Sun, Sharon Meidt, Oscar Agertz, I-Da Chiang, Jindra Gensior, Simon C. O. Glover, Oleg Y. Gnedin, Annie Hughes, Eva Schinnerer, Ashley T. B… 展开作者

Adam K. Leroy, Jiayi Sun, Sharon Meidt, Oscar Agertz, I-Da Chiang, Jindra Gensior, Simon C. O. Glover, Oleg Y. Gnedin, Annie Hughes, Eva Schinnerer, Ashley T. Barnes, Frank Bigiel, Alberto D. Bolatto, Dario Colombo, Jakob den Brok, Melanie Chevance, Ryan Chown, Cosima Eibensteiner, Damian R. Gleis, Kathryn Grasha, Jonathan D. Henshaw, Ralf S. Klessen, Eric W. Koch, Elias K. Oakes, Hsi-An Pan, Miguel Querejeta, Erik Rosolowsky, Toshiki Saito, Karin Sandstrom, Sumit K. Sarbadhicary, Yu-Hsuan Teng, Antonio Usero, Dyas Utomo, Thomas G. Williams

AI总结:

PHANGS-ALMA研究了云尺度气体性质与恒星形成效率的关系,发现气体密度影响恒星形成速率,但存在反相关性及对转换因子的敏感性。

摘要:

我们比较了PHANGS-ALMA中不同星系的恒星形成效率与云尺度气体性质的测量结果。将67个星系划分为1.5kpc尺度的区域,计算每个区域的分子气体耗尽时间tau_dep=Sigma_mol/Sigma_SFR以及每个区域的自由落体时间下的恒星形成效率eff=tau_ff/tau_dep。然后我们测试tau_dep和eff如何随区域质量加权平均分子气体性质(云尺度60-150pc)变化:气体表面密度<Sigma_mol^cloud>、速度分散<sigma_mol^cloud>、virial参数<alpha_vir^cloud>以及引力自由落体时间<tau_ff^cloud>。<tau_ff^cloud>和tau_dep呈正相关,符合气体密度在设定恒星形成速率方面的预期。我们的基准测量表明tau_dep∝<tau_ff^cloud>^0.5且eff≈0.39%,尽管具体数值取决于所采用的拟合方法。我们还观察到tau_dep与<Sigma_mol^cloud>以及tau_dep^mol与<sigma_mol^cloud>之间的反相关性。这三种相关性可能反映了密度与恒星形成效率之间的联系,以及系统性变化在不同星系中分子气体自引力束缚的程度。我们强调tau_dep-<sigma_mol^cloud>关系,因为轴之间相关性较低。与理论预期相反,我们观察到tau_dep^mol与<alpha_vir^cloud>之间的反相关性以及eff与<alpha_vir^cloud>之间无显著相关性。我们的结果对所采用的CO到H2转换因子敏感,修正内星系的激发和发射效应起着重要作用。我们强调我们的简单方法和纯净选择允许与数值模拟进行简单比较,并将其作为下一步逻辑方向加以突出。

英文摘要:

We compare measurements of star formation efficiency to cloud-scale gas properties across PHANGS-ALMA. Dividing 67 galaxies into 1.5 kpc scale regions, we calculate the molecular gas depletion time, tau_dep= Sigma_mol/Sigma_SFR, and the star formation efficiency per free-fall time, eff=tau_ff/tau_dep, for each region. Then we test how tau_dep and eff vary as functions of the regional mass-weighted mean molecular gas properties on cloud scales (60-150pc): gas surface density, <Sigma_mol^cloud>, velocity dispersion, <sigma_mol^cloud>, virial parameter, <alpha_vir^cloud>, and gravitational free-fall time, <tau_ff^cloud>. <tau_ff^cloud> and tau_dep correlate positively, consistent with the expectation that gas density plays a key role in setting the rate of star formation. Our fiducial measurements suggest tau_dep \propto <tau_ff^cloud>^0.5 and eff \approx 0.39%, though the exact numbers depend on the adopted fitting methods. We also observe anti-correlations between tau_dep and <Sigma_mol^cloud> and between tau_dep^mol and <sigma_mol^cloud> . All three correlations may reflect the same underlying link between density and star formation efficiency combined with systematic variations in the degree to which self-gravity binds molecular gas in galaxies. We highlight the tau_dep-<sigma_mol^cloud> relation because of the lower degree of correlation between the axes. Contrary to theoretical expectations, we observe an anti-correlation between tau_dep^mol and <alpha_vir^cloud> and no significant correlation between eff and <alpha_vir^cloud>. Our results depend sensitively on the adopted CO-to-H2 conversion factor, with corrections for excitation and emissivity effects in inner galaxies playing an important role. We emphasize that our simple methodology and clean selection allow easy comparison to numerical simulations and highlight this as a logical next direction.

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