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arXiv 2302.03042astro-ph.GA
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ALMOND巡天:用ALMA探测25个邻近螺旋星系的分子云特性和气体密度示踪物

The ALMOND Survey: Molecular cloud properties and gas density tracers across 25 nearby spiral galaxies with ALMA

Lukas Neumann, Molly J. Gallagher, Frank Bigiel, Adam K. Leroy, Ashley T. Barnes, Antonio Usero, Jakob S. den Brok, Francesco Belfiore, Ivana Bešlić, Yixian Cao… 展开作者

Lukas Neumann, Molly J. Gallagher, Frank Bigiel, Adam K. Leroy, Ashley T. Barnes, Antonio Usero, Jakob S. den Brok, Francesco Belfiore, Ivana Bešlić, Yixian Cao, Mélanie Chevance, Daniel A. Dale, Cosima Eibensteiner, Simon C. O. Glover, Kathryn Grasha, Jonathan D. Henshaw, María J. Jiménez-Donaire, Ralf S. Klessen, J. M. Diederik Kruijssen, Daizhong Liu, Sharon Meidt, Jérôme Pety, Johannes Puschnig, Miguel Querejeta, Erik Rosolowsky, Eva Schinnerer, Andreas Schruba, Mattia C. Sormani, Jiayi Sun, Yu-Hsuan Teng, Thomas G. Williams

摘要:

我们使用ALMOND(ACA稠密气体中邻近星系的大样本映射)调查的新HCN(1-0)数据来追踪kpc尺度的分子气体密度结构,并使用PHANGS-ALMA的CO(2-1)数据来追踪25个邻近恒星形成星系的大分子气体。在2.1kpc尺度下,我们测量了密度敏感的HCN/CO线比和SFR/HCN比,以跟踪更致密的分子介质中的恒星形成效率。在150 pc尺度下,我们通过CO(2-1)线发射测量分子气体的结构和动力学性质,这与使用强度加权平均法的低分辨率数据相关联。我们发现HCN/CO(SFR/HCN)与分子气体的表面密度、速度色散和内部湍流压力呈正(负)相关。这些观测到的相关性与恒星形成湍流模型的预期趋势一致,该模型考虑了单个自由落体时间的引力坍缩。我们的结果表明,kpc尺度的HCN/CO线比是一个强有力的工具,跟踪150 pc尺度的分子云的平均密度分布。最后,我们发现系统的变化的SFR/HCN的比率与云尺度的分子气体的性质,这是不兼容的一个普遍的恒星形成效率。总的来说,这些发现表明,平均分子气体密度,分子云特性和恒星形成以连贯的方式密切相关,对密度敏感的分子气体示踪剂的观测是分析这些变化的有用工具,将分子气体物理学与星系盘上的恒星输出联系起来。

英文摘要:

We use new HCN(1-0) data from the ALMOND (ACA Large-sample Mapping Of Nearby galaxies in Dense gas) survey to trace the kpc-scale molecular gas density structure and CO(2-1) data from PHANGS-ALMA to trace the bulk molecular gas across 25 nearby, star-forming galaxies. At 2.1 kpc scale, we measure the density-sensitive HCN/CO line ratio and the SFR/HCN ratio to trace the star formation efficiency in the denser molecular medium. At 150 pc scale, we measure structural and dynamical properties of the molecular gas via CO(2-1) line emission, which is linked to the lower resolution data using an intensity-weighted averaging method. We find positive correlations (negative) of HCN/CO (SFR/HCN) with the surface density, the velocity dispersion and the internal turbulent pressure of the molecular gas. These observed correlations agree with expected trends from turbulent models of star formation, which consider a single free-fall time gravitational collapse. Our results show that the kpc-scale HCN/CO line ratio is a powerful tool to trace the 150 pc scale average density distribution of the molecular clouds. Lastly, we find systematic variations of the SFR/HCN ratio with cloud-scale molecular gas properties, which are incompatible with a universal star formation efficiency. Overall, these findings show that mean molecular gas density, molecular cloud properties and star formation are closely linked in a coherent way, and observations of density-sensitive molecular gas tracers are a useful tool to analyse these variations, linking molecular gas physics to stellar output across galaxy discs.

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