The Atacama Large Millimetre/submillimetre Array (ALMA) is currently in the process of transforming our view of star-forming galaxies in the distant ($z\gtrsim1$) universe. Before ALMA, most of what we knew about dust-obscured star formation in distant galaxies was limited to the brightest submillimetre sources$-$the so-called submillimetre galaxies (SMGs)$-$and even the information on those sources was sparse, with resolved (i.e., sub-galactic) observations of the obscured star formation and gas reservoirs typically restricted to the most extreme and/or strongly lensed sources. Starting with the beginning of early science operations in 2011, the last nine years of ALMA observations have ushered in a new era for studies of high-redshift star formation. With its long baselines, ALMA has allowed observations of distant dust-obscured star formation with angular resolutions comparable to$-$or even far surpassing$-$the best current optical telescopes. With its bandwidth and frequency coverage, it has provided an unprecedented look at the associated molecular and atomic gas in these distant galaxies through targeted follow-up and serendipitous detections/blind line scans. Finally, with its leap in sensitivity compared to previous (sub-)millimetre arrays, it has enabled the detection of these powerful dust/gas tracers much further down the luminosity function through both statistical studies of color/mass-selected galaxy populations and dedicated deep fields. We review the main advances ALMA has helped bring about in our understanding of the dust and gas properties of high-redshift ($z\gtrsim1$) star-forming galaxies during these first nine years of its science operations, and we highlight the interesting questions that may be answered by ALMA in the years to come.
The advent of the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) has enabled a new era for studies of the formation and assembly of distant galaxies. Cosmological deep field surveys with ALMA and other interferometers have flourished in the last few years covering wide ranges of galaxy properties and redshift, and allowing us to gain critical insights into the physical mechanisms behind the galaxy growth. Here, we present a brief review of recent studies that aim to characterize the interstellar medium properties of galaxies at high redshift ($z>1$), focusing on blank-field ALMA surveys o…
The properties of the interstellar medium (ISM) of the highest-redshift galaxies and quasars provide important indications of the complex interplay between the accretion of baryons onto galaxies, the physics that drives the build-up of stars out of this gas, the subsequent chemical evolution and feedback processes and the reionisation of the Universe. The Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) continues to play a pivotal role in the characterisation of the ISM of high-redshift galaxies. Observations of the dust continuum emission, atomic fine-structure and molecular lines arising …
ALMA is revolutionizing the way we study and understand the astrophysics of galaxies, both as a whole and individually. By exploiting its unique sensitivity and resolution to make spatially and spectrally resolved images of the gas and dust in the interstellar medium (ISM), ALMA can reveal new information about the relationship between stars and gas, during and between galaxies' cycles of star formation and AGN fueling. However, this can only be done for a modest number of targets, and thus works in the context of large samples drawn from other surveys, while providing parallel deep imaging in…
We present a method that derives the dust temperatures and infrared (IR) luminosities of high-redshift galaxies assuming radiation equilibrium in a simple dust and stellar distribution geometry. Using public data from the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) archive, we studied dust temperatures assuming a clumpy interstellar medium (ISM) model for high-redshift galaxies, then tested the consistency of our results with those obtained using other methods. We find that a dust distribution model assuming a clumpiness of ${\rm log}\,ξ_{\rm clp}=-1.02\pm0.41$ may accurately represent…
We analyze the >4-sigma sources in the most sensitive 100 arcmin^2 area (rms <0.56 mJy) of a SCUBA-2 850 micron survey of the GOODS-S and present the 75 band 7 ALMA sources (>4.5-sigma) obtained from high-resolution interferometric follow-up observations. The SCUBA-2---and hence ALMA---samples should be complete to 2.25 mJy. Of the 53 SCUBA-2 sources in this complete sample, only five have no ALMA detections, while 13% (68% confidence range 7-19%) have multiple ALMA counterparts. Color-based high-redshift dusty galaxy selection techniques find at most 55% of the total ALMA sample. In addition …
We introduce the ALMA Redshift 4 Survey (AR4S), a systematic ALMA survey of all the known galaxies with stellar mass (M*) larger than 5e10 Msun at 3.5<z<5 in the GOODS--south, UDS and COSMOS CANDELS fields. The sample we have analyzed in this paper is composed of 96 galaxies observed with ALMA at 890um (180um rest-frame) with an on-source integration time of 1.3 min per galaxy. We detected 32% of the sample at more than 3 sigma significance. Using the stacked ALMA and Herschel photometry, we derived an average dust temperature of 40+/-2 K for the whole sample, and extrapolate the Lir and SFR f…
We carried out targeted ALMA observations of 129 fields in the COSMOS region at 1.25 mm, detecting 152 galaxies at S/N$\geq$5 with an average continuum RMS of 150 $μ$Jy. These fields represent a S/N-limited sample of AzTEC / ASTE sources with 1.1 mm S/N$\geq$4 over an area of 0.72 square degrees. Given ALMA's fine resolution and the exceptional spectroscopic and multiwavelength photometric data available in COSMOS, this survey allows us unprecedented power in identifying submillimeter galaxy counterparts and determining their redshifts through spectroscopic or photometric means. In addition to…
We present spectroscopic redshifts of S(870)>2mJy submillimetre galaxies (SMGs) which have been identified from the ALMA follow-up observations of 870um detected sources in the Extended Chandra Deep Field South (the ALMA-LESS survey). We derive spectroscopic redshifts for 52 SMGs, with a median of z=2.4+/-0.1. However, the distribution features a high redshift tail, with ~25% of the SMGs at z>3. Spectral diagnostics suggest that the SMGs are young starbursts, and the velocity offsets between the nebular emission and UV ISM absorption lines suggest that many are driving winds, with velocity off…
We quantify galaxy overdensities around three high-redshift quasars with known [CII] 158um companions: PJ231-20 (z=6.59), PJ308-21 (z=6.24) and J0305-3150 (z=6.61). Recent SCUBA2 imaging revealed the presence of 17 submillimeter galaxies (SMG) with sky separations $0.7'< θ< 2.4'$ from these three quasars. We present ALMA Band 6 follow-up observations of these SCUBA2-selected SMGs to confirm their nature and redshift. We also search for continuum-undetected [CII] emitters in the ALMA pointings and make use of archival MUSE observations to search for Lyman-$α$ Emitters (LAE) associated with the …
A complete census of dusty star-forming galaxies (DSFGs) at early epochs is necessary to constrain the obscured contribution to the cosmic star formation rate density (CSFRD), however DSFGs beyond $z \sim 4$ are both rare and hard to identify from photometric data alone due to degeneracies in submillimeter photometry with redshift. Here, we present a pilot study obtaining follow-up Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) $2\,$mm observations of a complete sample of 39 $850\,\rmμm$-bright dusty galaxies in the SSA22 field. Empirical modeling suggests $2\,$mm imaging of existing samples of DSFGs s…
We present results on the dust attenuation of galaxies at redshift $\sim3-6$ by studying the relationship between the UV spectral slope ($β_{\rm UV}$) and the infrared excess (IRX; $L_{\rm IR}$/$L_{\rm UV}$) using ALMA far-infrared continuum observations. Our study is based on a sample of 67 massive, star-forming galaxies with a median mass of $M_{\ast}\sim 10^{10.7}\,M_{\rm \odot}$ spanning a redshift range $z=2.6-3.7$ (median $z=3.2$) that were observed with ALMA at $λ_{rest}=300\,{\rm μm}$. Both the individual ALMA detections (41 sources) and stacks including all galaxies show the IRX-$β_{\…
We present specific star-formation rates for 40 UV-bright galaxies at $z\sim7-8$ observed as part of the Reionization Era Bright Emission Line Survey (REBELS) ALMA large program. The sSFRs are derived using improved measures of SFR and stellar masses, made possible by measurements of far-infrared (FIR) continuum emission and [CII]-based spectroscopic redshifts. For each source in the sample, we derive stellar masses from SED fitting and total SFRs from calibrations of the UV and FIR emission. The median sSFR is $18_{-5}^{+7}$ Gyr$^{-1}$, significantly larger than literature measurements lackin…
We present the catalogue and properties of sources in AS2UDS, an 870-$μ$m continuum survey with the Atacama Large Millimetre/sub-millimetre Array (ALMA) of 716 single-dish sub-millimetre sources detected in the UKIDSS/UDS field by the SCUBA-2 Cosmology Legacy Survey. In our sensitive ALMA follow-up observations we detect 708 sub-millimetre galaxies (SMGs) at $>$\,4.3$σ$ significance across the $\sim$\,1-degree diameter field. We combine our precise ALMA positions with the extensive multi-wavelength coverage in the UDS field to fit the spectral energy distributions of our SMGs to derive a media…
We report the detection of a distant star-forming galaxy, ALMA J010748.3-173028, which is identified by a 13-sigma emission line at 99.75 GHz (SdV = 3.1 Jy km/s), behind the nearby merging galaxies VV114 using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) Band 3. We also find an 880-um counterpart with ALMA Band 7 (S_880um = 11.2 mJy). A careful comparison of the intensities of the line and the continuum suggests that the line is a redshifted 12CO transition. A photometric redshift analysis using the infrared to radio data favors a CO redshift of z = 2.467, although z = 3.622 is acce…
We present 1.3- and/or 3-mm continuum images and 3-mm spectral scans, obtained using NOEMA and ALMA, of 21 distant, dusty, star-forming galaxies (DSFGs). Our sample is a subset of the galaxies selected by Ivison et al. (2016) on the basis of their extremely red far-infrared (far-IR) colours and low {\it Herschel} flux densities; most are thus expected to be unlensed, extraordinarily luminous starbursts at $z \gtrsim 4$, modulo the considerable cross-section to gravitational lensing implied by their redshift. We observed 17 of these galaxies with NOEMA and four with ALMA, scanning through the 3…
A Possible Protocluster of Galaxies Serendipitously Discovered in the Field of an Intermediate-Redshift Post-starburst Galaxy
Texas A&M University（德州农工大学）；University of Pittsburgh（匹兹堡大学）；Rochester Institute of Technology（罗切斯特理工学院）；Princeton University（普林斯顿大学）；University of Colorado, Boulder（科罗拉多大学博尔德分校）
We present spectroscopic measurements for 71 galaxies associated with 62 of the brightest high-redshift submillimeter sources from the Southern fields of the Herschel Astrophysical Terahertz Large Area Survey (H-ATLAS), while targeting 85 sources which resolved into 142. We have obtained robust redshift measurements for all sources using the 12-m Array and an efficient tuning of ALMA to optimise its use as a redshift hunter, with 73 per cent of the sources having a robust redshift identification. Nine of these redshift identifications also rely on observations from the Atacama Compact Array. T…
The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) has discovered a surprising abundance of bright galaxy candidates in the very early Universe ($< 500$ Myrs after the Big Bang), calling into question current galaxy formation models. Spectroscopy is needed to confirm the primeval nature of these candidates, as well as to understand how the first galaxies form stars and grow. Here we present deep spectroscopic and continuum ALMA observations towards GHZ2/GLASS-z12, one of the brightest and most robust candidates at $z > 10$ identified in the GLASS-JWST Early Release Science Program. We detect a $5.8 σ$ line…
We investigate the potential use of nebular emission lines in the rest-frame far-infrared (FIR) for determining spectroscopic redshift of z>8 galaxies with the Atacama Large Millimeter/sub-millimeter Array (ALMA). After making a line emissivity model as a function of metallicity, especially for the [O III] 88 micron line which is likely to be the strongest FIR line from H II regions, we predict the line fluxes from high-z galaxies based on a cosmological hydrodynamics simulation of galaxy formation. Since the metallicity of galaxies reaches at ~0.2 Zsun even at z>8 in our simulation, we expect…
We present a 69 arcmin$^2$ ALMA survey at 1.1mm, GOODS-ALMA, matching the deepest HST-WFC3 H-band part of the GOODS-South field. We taper the 0"24 original image with a homogeneous and circular synthesized beam of 0"60 to reduce the number of independent beams - thus reducing the number of purely statistical spurious detections - and optimize the sensitivity to point sources. We extract a catalogue of galaxies purely selected by ALMA and identify sources with and without HST counterparts down to a 5$σ$ limiting depth of H=28.2 AB (HST/WFC3 F160W). ALMA detects 20 sources brighter than 0.7 mJy …
ALMA is now fully operational, and has been observing in early science mode since 2011. The millimetric (mm) and sub-mm domain is ideal to tackle galaxies at high redshift, since the emission peak of the dust at 100$μ$m is shifted in the ALMA bands (0.3mm to 1mm) for z=2 to 9, and the CO lines, stronger at the high-J levels of the ladder, are found all over the 0.3-3mm range. Pointed surveys and blind deep fields have been observed, and the wealth of data collected reveal a drop at high redshifts (z $>$ 6) of dusty massive objects, although surprisingly active and gas-rich objects have been un…
We report on the detailed analysis of a gravitationally-lensed Y-band dropout, A2744_YD4, selected from deep Hubble Space Telescope imaging in the Frontier Field cluster Abell 2744. Band 7 observations with the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) indicate the proximate detection of a significant 1mm continuum flux suggesting the presence of dust for a star-forming galaxy with a photometric redshift of $z\simeq8$. Deep X-SHOOTER spectra confirms the high redshift identity of A2744_YD4 via the detection of Lyman $α$ emission at a redshift $z$=8.38. The association with the ALMA detection is co…
Recent work has shown that UV-luminous reionization-era galaxies often exhibit strong Lyman-alpha emission despite being situated at redshifts where the IGM is thought to be substantially neutral. It has been argued that this enhanced Ly$α$ transmission reflects the presence of massive galaxies in overdense regions which power large ionized bubbles. An alternative explanation is that massive galaxies shift more of their Ly$α$ profile to large velocities (relative to the systemic redshift) where the IGM damping wing absorption is reduced. Such a mass-dependent trend is seen at lower redshifts, …
We present Atacama Large Millimeter/Submillimeter Array (ALMA) continuum observations of a sample of nine star-forming galaxies at redshifts 1.47 and 2.23 selected from the High-$z$ Emission Line Survey (HiZELS). Four galaxies in our sample are detected at high significance by ALMA at a resolution of 0.25'' at rest-frame 355 $μ$m. Together with the previously observed H$α$ emission, from adaptive optics-assisted integral-field-unit spectroscopy (0.15'' resolution), and F606W and F140W imaging from the Hubble Space Telescope (0.2'' resolution), we study the star-formation activity, stellar and …
The [CII]$_{158μm}$ line has long been proposed as a promising line to spectroscopically confirm galaxies in the epoch of reionization. In this paper we present the results of new ALMA observations spectral scanning for [CII] in six particularly luminous Lyman Break Galaxies at $z\sim7$. The six sources were drawn from a sample of bright $z\sim7$ galaxies identified using the wide-area optical, near-IR, and Spitzer/IRAC data over the COSMOS/UltraVISTA field and were targeted on the basis of tight constraints on their redshifts from their IRAC [3.6]-[4.5] colors. We detect significant ($>9σ$) […
In this work we present new APEX/SEPIA Band-5 observations targeting the CO ($J=2\text{-}1$) emission line of 24 Herschel-detected galaxies at $z=0.1-0.2$. Combining this sample {with} our recent new Valparaíso ALMA Line Emission Survey (VALES), we investigate the star formation efficiencies (SFEs = SFR/$M_{\rm H_{2}}$) of galaxies at low redshift. We find the SFE of our sample bridges the gap between normal star-forming galaxies and Ultra-Luminous Infrared Galaxies (ULIRGs), which are thought to be triggered by different star formation modes. Considering the $\rm SFE'$ as the SFR and the $L'_…
A Deep ALMA Survey of the Redshift Distribution of Dusty Star-forming Galaxies
University of Wisconsin–Madison（威斯康星大学麦迪逊分校）；University of Hawaii（夏威夷大学）；Institute for Astronomy, University of Hawaii（夏威夷大学天体物理研究所）；Universidad de Tarapacá（塔拉帕卡大学）
Using high-resolution (sub-kiloparsec scale) submillimeter data obtained by ALMA, we analyze the star formation rate (SFR), gas content and kinematics in SDP 81, a gravitationally-lensed star-forming galaxy at redshift 3. We estimate the SFR surface density ($Σ_{\mathrm{SFR}}$) in the brightest clump of this galaxy to be $357^{+135}_{-85}\,\mathrm{M_{\odot}\,yr^{-1}\,kpc^{-2}}$, over an area of $0.07\pm0.02\,\mathrm{kpc}^2$. Using the intensity-weighted velocity of CO$\,$(5-4), we measure the turbulent velocity dispersion in the plane-of-the-sky and find $σ_{\mathrm{v,turb}} = 37\pm5\,\mathrm{…
Prior to the launch of JWST, Spitzer/IRAC photometry offers the only means of studying the rest-frame optical properties of z>7 galaxies. Many such high redshift galaxies display a red [3.6] - [4.5] micron colour, often referred to as the "IRAC excess", which has conventionally been interpreted as arising from intense [OIII]+Hbeta emission within the [4.5] micron bandpass. An appealing aspect of this interpretation is similarly intense line emission seen in star-forming galaxies at lower redshift as well as the redshift-dependent behaviour of the IRAC colours beyond z~7 modelled as the various…
A number of new $z>11$ galaxy candidates have recently been identified based on public James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) NIRCam observations. Spectroscopic confirmation of these candidates is necessary to robustly measure their redshift and put them in the context of our understanding of the buildup of galaxies in the early Universe. GLASS-z13 is one of these candidates, with a reported photometric redshift $z>11.9$. I present publicly available Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) band 6 Director's Discretionary Time observations (project 2021.A.00020.S; PI T. Bakx), taken to a…
We use the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA) in Cycle 1 to determine spectroscopic redshifts of high-redshift dusty star-forming galaxies (DSFGs) selected by their 1.4mm continuum emission in the South Pole Telescope (SPT) survey. We present ALMA 3mm spectral scans between 84-114GHz for 15 galaxies and targeted ALMA 1mm observations for an additional eight sources. Our observations yield 30 new line detections from CO, [CI] , [NII] , H_2O and NH_3. We further present APEX [CII] and CO mid-J observations for seven sources for which only a single line was detected in spectral-s…
We present the star formation rates (SFRs) of a sample of 109 galaxies with X-ray selected active galactic nuclei (AGN) with moderate to high X-ray luminosities (L(2-8keV)= 10^42-10^45 erg/s), at redshifts 1 < z < 4.7, that were selected to be faint or undetected in the Herschel bands. We combine our deep ALMA continuum observations with deblended 8-500μm photometry from Spitzer and Herschel, and use infrared (IR) SED fitting and AGN - star formation decomposition methods. The addition of the ALMA photometry results in an order of magnitude more X-ray AGN in our sample with a measured SFR (now…
We present an ALMA-Herschel joint analysis of sources detected by the ALMA Lensing Cluster Survey (ALCS) at 1.15 mm. Herschel/PACS and SPIRE data at 100-500 $μ$m are deblended for 180 ALMA sources in 33 lensing cluster fields that are either detected securely (141 sources; in our main sample) or tentatively at S/N$\geq$4 with cross-matched HST/Spitzer counterparts, down to a delensed 1.15-mm flux density of $\sim0.02$ mJy. We performed far-infrared spectral energy distribution modeling and derived the physical properties of dusty star formation for 125 sources (109 independently) that are dete…
We present Atacama Large Millimetre Array (ALMA) 2mm continuum observations of a complete and unbiased sample of 99 870micron-selected sub-millimeter galaxies (SMGs) in the Extended Chandra Deep Field South (ALESS). Our observations of each SMG reach average sensitivities of 53 microJy/beam. We measure the flux densities for 70 sources, for which we obtain a typical 870micron-to-2mm flux ratio of 14 +/- 5. We do not find a redshift dependence of this flux ratio, which would be expected if the dust emission properties of our SMGs were the same at all redshifts. By combining our ALMA measurement…
We present a survey of the molecular gas in 61 submillimetre galaxies (SMGs) selected from 870$μ$m continuum surveys of the COSMOS, UDS and ECDFS fields, using the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA) and the Northern Extended Millimeter Array (NOEMA). 46 $^{12}$CO ($J=$2-5) emission lines are detected in 45 of the targets at $z=$1.2-4.8, with redshifts indicating that those which are submillimetre bright and undetected/faint in the optical/near-infrared typically lie at higher redshifts, with a gradient of $Δz/ΔS_{870}=$0.11$\pm$0.04mJy$^{-1}$. We also supplement our data with literature sou…
We present X-SHOOTER near-infrared spectroscopy of a large sample of 38 luminous ($M_{1450}=-29.0$ to $-24.4$) quasars at $5.78<z<7.54$, which have complementary CII observations from ALMA. This X-SHOOTER/ALMA sample provides us with the most comprehensive view of reionization-era quasars to date, allowing us to connect the quasar properties with those of its host galaxy. In this work we introduce the sample, discuss data reduction and spectral fitting, and present an analysis of the broad emission line properties. The measured FeII/MgII flux ratio suggests that the broad line regions of all q…
This work aims at studying the $M_{BH}-M_{dyn}$ relation of a sample of $2<z<7$ quasars by constraining their host galaxy masses through full kinematical modeling of the cold gas kinematics, thus avoiding all possible biases and effects introduced by the rough virial estimates usually adopted so far. For this purpose we retrieved public observations of $72$ quasar host galaxies observed in ${\rm [CII]_{158μm}}$ or ${\rm CO}$ transitions with the Atacama Large Millimeter Array (ALMA). We then selected those quasars whose line emission is spatially resolved and performed a kinematic analysis on …
We present the large statistics of the galaxy effective radius in the rest-frame far-infrared (FIR) wavelength Re(FIR) obtained from 1627 deep ALMA 1-mm band maps that become public by 2017 July. Our ALMA sample consists of 1034 sources at z=0-6 that typically have the star-formation rate of ~100-1000 M$_{\odot}$/yr and the stellar mass of ~10$^{10}$-10$^{11.5}$ M$_{\odot}$. We homogeneously derive Re(FIR) and FIR luminosity L_FIR of our ALMA sources via the same uv-visibility method with the exponential disk fitting, carefully evaluating the selection and measurement incompletenesses by reali…
We present deep SCUBA-2 450 micron and 850 micron imaging of ten strong lensing clusters. We provide a >4-sigma SCUBA-2 850 micron catalog of the 404 sources lying within a radius of 4.5' from the cluster centers. We also provide catalogs of the >4.5-sigma ALMA 870 micron detections in the clusters A370, MACSJ1149.5+2223, and MACSJ0717.5+3745 from our targeted ALMA observations, along with catalogs of all other >4.5-sigma ALMA (mostly 1.2 mm) detections in any of our cluster fields from archival ALMA observations. For the ALMA detections, we give spectroscopic or photometric redshifts, where a…
Exploring the interplay between star formation efficiency and dust in regulating the UV luminosity of early systems in the JWST and ALMA era
Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN)（宇宙黎明中心）；Niels Bohr Institute, University of Copenhagen（哥本哈根大学尼尔斯玻尔研究所）；David A. Dunlap Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Toronto（多伦多大学大卫A邓普勒天文与天体物理系）
We analyse 870um Atacama Large Millimetre Array (ALMA) dust continuum detections of 41 canonically-selected z~3 Lyman-break galaxies (LBGs), as well as 209 ALMA-undetected LBGs, in follow-up of SCUBA-2 mapping of the UKIDSS Ultra Deep Survey (UDS) field. We find that our ALMA-bright LBGs lie significantly off the locally calibrated IRX-beta relation and tend to have relatively bluer rest-frame UV slopes (as parametrised by beta), given their high values of the 'infrared excess' (IRX=L_IR/L_UV), relative to the average 'local' IRX-beta relation. We attribute this finding in part to the young ag…
The Planck All-Sky Survey to Analyze Gravitationally-lensed Extreme Starbursts (PASSAGES) project aims to identify a population of extremely luminous galaxies using the Planck All-Sky Survey and to explore the nature of their gas fuelling, induced starburst, and the resulting feedback that shape their evolution. Here, we report the identification of 22 high redshift luminous dusty star forming galaxies (DSFGs) at $z=1.1-3.3$ drawn from a candidate list constructed using the Planck Catalog of Compact Sources (PCCS) and WISE All-Sky Survey. They are confirmed through follow-up dust continuum ima…
Thanks to deep optical to near-IR imaging and spectroscopy, significant progress is made in characterizing the rest-frame UV to optical properties of galaxies in the early universe (z > 4). Surveys with Hubble, Spitzer, and ground-based facilities (Keck, Subaru, and VLT) provide spectroscopic and photometric redshifts, measurements of the spatial structure, stellar masses, and optical emission lines for large samples of galaxies. Recently, the Atacama Large (Sub) Millimeter Array (ALMA) has become a major player in pushing studies of high redshift galaxies to far-infrared wavelengths, hence ma…
We present ALMA 870 micron (345 GHz) data for 49 high redshift (0.47<z<2.85), luminous (11.7 < log L(bol) (Lsun) < 14.2) radio-powerful AGN, obtained to constrain cool dust emission from starbursts concurrent with highly obscured radiative-mode black hole (BH) accretion in massive galaxies which possess a small radio jet. The sample was selected from WISE with extremely steep (red) mid-infrared (MIR) colors and with compact radio emission from NVSS/FIRST. Twenty-six sources are detected at 870 microns, and we find that the sample has large mid- to far-infrared luminosity ratios consistent with…
Characterizing the galaxy population in the early Universe holds the key to understanding the evolution of these objects and the role they played in cosmic reionization. However, the number of observations at the very highest redshifts are to date, few. In order to shed light on the properties of galaxies in the high-redshift Universe and their interstellar media, we observe the Lyman-$α$ emitting galaxy z7\_GSD\_3811 at $z=7.664$ with band 6 and 8 at the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA). We target the far-infrared [O III] 88 $μm$, [C II] 158 $μm$ emission lines and dust con…
We present our ALMA Band 8 observations of a damped Ly$α$ absorption (DLA) system at $z$=3.150 observed in the spectrum of the quasar Q2233+131 at $z$=3.295. The optical counterpart of this DLA has been identified and it shows a double-peaked Ly$α$ emission line. Since one possible origin of DLAs at high redshift is an outflowing gas from star-forming galaxies, DLA2233+131 provides a good laboratory to investigate the nature of high-$z$ DLAs. Motivated by this, we have carried out ALMA band 8 observations to study the [C II] line in this system. However, we do not detect any significant emissi…
We present a CO and atomic fine-structure line luminosity function analysis using the ALMA Spectroscopic Survey in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field (ASPECS). ASPECS consists of two spatially-overlapping mosaics that cover the entire ALMA 3mm and 1.2mm bands. We combine the results of a line candidate search of the 1.2mm data cube with those previously obtained from the 3mm cube. Our analysis shows that $\sim$80% of the line flux observed at 3mm arises from CO(2-1) or CO(3-2) emitters at $z$=1-3 (`cosmic noon'). At 1.2mm, more than half of the line flux arises from intermediate-J CO transitions ($J_…
Galaxy clusters at high redshift are key targets for understanding matter assembly in the early Universe, yet they are challenging to locate. A sample of >2000 high-z candidate structures has been found using Planck's all-sky submm maps, and a sub-set of 234 have been followed up with Herschel-SPIRE, which showed that the emission can be attributed to large overdensities of dusty star-forming galaxies. In order to resolve and characterise the individual galaxies we targeted the eight brightest SPIRE sources in the centre of the Planck peak PLCK G073.4-57.5 using ALMA at 1.3 mm, and complemente…
PRUSSIC III -- ALMA and NOEMA survey of dense gas in high-redshift star-forming galaxies
Leiden University（莱顿大学）；Delft University of Technology（代尔夫特理工大学）；SRON - Netherlands Institute for Space Research（荷兰空间研究所）；Universität zu Köln（科隆大学）；European Southern Observatory (ESO)（欧洲南方天文台）；Cosmic Dawn Center (DAWN)（宇宙黎明中心）；Technical University of Denmark（丹麦技术大学）；University College London（伦敦大学学院）
The Hubble Frontier Fields offer an exceptionally deep window into the high-redshift universe, covering a substantially larger area than the Hubble Ultra-Deep field at low magnification and probing 1--2 mags deeper in exceptional high-magnification regions. We aim to leverage Atacama Large Millimetre Array (ALMA) band 6 ($\approx$263\,GHz) mosaics in the central portions of five Frontier Fields to characterize the infrared (IR) properties of $1582$ ultraviolet (UV)-selected Lyman-Break Galaxies (LBGs) at redshifts of $z {\sim}$2--8. We investigated individual and stacked fluxes and IR excess (…
We study the molecular gas properties of high-$z$ galaxies observed in the ALMA Spectroscopic Survey (ASPECS) that targets a $\sim1$ arcmin$^2$ region in the Hubble Ultra Deep Field (UDF), a blind survey of CO emission (tracing molecular gas) in the 3mm and 1mm bands. Of a total of 1302 galaxies in the field, 56 have spectroscopic redshifts and correspondingly well-defined physical properties. Among these, 11 have infrared luminosities $L_{\rm{}IR}>10^{11}$ L$_\odot$, i.e. a detection in CO emission was expected. Out these, 7 are detected at various significance in CO, and 4 are undetected in …
We present new results on [CII]158$μ$ m emission from four galaxies in the reionization epoch. These galaxies were previously confirmed to be at redshifts between 6.6 and 7.15 from the presence of the Ly$α$ emission line in their spectra. The Ly$α$ emission line is redshifted by 100-200 km/s compared to the systemic redshift given by the [CII] line. These velocity offsets are smaller than what is observed in z~3 Lyman break galaxies with similar UV luminosities and emission line properties. Smaller velocity shifts reduce the visibility of Ly$α$ and hence somewhat alleviate the need for a very …
In this paper we present our imaging observations on the CO(7-6) line and its underlying continuum emission of the young submillimeter galaxy LESS 073 at redshift 4.755, using the Atacama Large Millimeter/submillimeter Array (ALMA). At the achieved resolution of $\sim$$1^{\prime\prime}.2\times0^{\prime\prime}.9$ ($8\times6$~kpc$^2$), the CO(7-6) emission is largely unresolved (with a deconvolved size of $1^{\prime\prime}.1(\pm0^{\prime\prime}.5) \times 0^{\prime\prime}.9(\pm0^{\prime\prime}.8)$), and the continuum emission is totally unresolved. The CO(7-6) line emission has an integrated flux…
