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arXiv 2502.03466astro-ph.HE
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γ射线耀变体中红外颜色起源的研究

On the origin of mid-infrared colors in $γ$-ray blazars

Raniere de Menezes, Raffaele D'Abrusco, Francesco Massaro

AI总结:

本文通过仅含对数抛物线、椭圆宿主星系和尘埃环三成分的模型模拟耀变体光谱能量分布,从理论上解释并重现了γ射线耀变体的中红外颜色轨迹,并确定了关键光谱参数。

摘要:

背景。γ射线耀变体中非热辐射与热辐射的结合将它们推入中红外三维颜色图的特定区域,即所谓的耀变体轨迹(blazar locus),该轨迹是基于宽场红外巡天探测器(Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer)的观测构建的。在过去十年中,基于这些中红外颜色的耀变体候选体筛选方法被广泛用于寻找费米大视场望远镜(Fermi Large Area Telescope)观测到的未关联γ射线源的对映体,以及在光学光谱巡天中搜寻新的耀变体。目的。在这项工作中,我们对耀变体轨迹的起源提供了理论描述,并展示了如何用一个仅包含三个光谱成分的模型合理地重现它:一个描述非热辐射的对数抛物线,以及一个描述热辐射的椭圆宿主星系和尘埃环。方法。我们模拟耀变体的光谱能量分布,从纯对数抛物线模型开始,然后通过添加椭圆星系模板和尘埃环来增加其复杂度。基于这些模拟,我们计算中红外星等和相应的颜色,以构建我们自己的耀变体轨迹版本。结果。我们的建模允许选择能更好表征γ射线耀变体中红外辐射的光谱参数,例如对数抛物线曲率(50%的样本β<0.04)和平均光谱峰值约为Ep≈1.5×10⁻¹³ erg。我们还发现,对数抛物线是观测到的中红外耀变体颜色背后的主要光谱成分,尽管宿主星系和尘埃环等附加成分对于精确重建耀变体轨迹至关重要。

英文摘要:

Context. The combination between non-thermal and thermal emission in $γ$-ray blazars pushes them to a specific region of the mid-infrared three-dimensional color diagram, the so-called blazar locus, built based on observations performed with the Wide-field Infrared Survey Explorer. The selection of blazar candidates based on these mid-infrared colors has been extensively used in the past decade in the hunt for the counterparts of unassociated $γ$-ray sources observed with the Fermi Large Area Telescope and in the search for new blazars in optical spectroscopic campaigns. Aims. In this work, we provide a theoretical description of the origin of the blazar locus and show how we can reasonably reproduce it with a model consisting of only three spectral components: a log-parabola accounting for the non-thermal emission, and an elliptical host and dust torus accounting for the thermal emission. Methods. We simulate spectral energy distributions for blazars, starting with a pure log-parabola model and then increasing its complexity by adding a template elliptical galaxy and dust torus. From these simulations, we compute the mid-infrared magnitudes and corresponding colors to create our own version of the blazar locus. Results. Our modeling allows for the selection of spectral parameters that better characterize the mid-infrared emission of $γ$-ray blazars, such as the log-parabola curvature ($β< 0.04$ for 50\% of our sample) and an average spectral peak around $E_p \approx 1.5 \times 10^{-13}$ erg. We also find that the log-parabola is the main spectral component behind the observed mid-infrared blazar colors, although additional components such as a host galaxy and a dust torus are crucial to obtain a precise reconstruction of the blazar locus.

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