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arXiv 2501.13639physics.bio-phcond-mat.softcond-mat.stat-mechphysics.chem-phq-bio.SC
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生物细胞中液滴调控的物理学

Physics of droplet regulation in biological cells

Max Planck Institute for Dynamics and Self-Organization(马克斯·普朗克动力学与自组织研究所)

David Zwicker, Oliver W. Paulin, Cathelijne ter Burg

AI总结:

本综述针对经典被动液-液相分离描述无法解释细胞内复杂液滴行为的问题,从生物分子复杂性、类固体结构润湿及非平衡过程三方面分析细胞液滴调控机制,为揭示生物细胞液滴调控及相分离应用提供参考。

摘要:

液滴形成已成为细胞内生物分子时空组织的核心概念。然而,基于被动液-液相分离的经典液滴动力学描述无法捕捉细胞内的复杂情况。本综述讨论了细胞中三个关键的不同方面:(i)生物分子多样且各自复杂,意味着细胞液滴具有复杂的内部行为,例如在材料特性方面;(ii)细胞环境包含许多液滴可润湿的类固体结构;(iii)细胞是活的,会利用燃料驱动过程远离平衡。我们阐述了这些原理如何控制液滴的成核、生长、位置和数量,以揭示生物细胞及其他相分离应用中可能的调控机制。

英文摘要:

Droplet formation has emerged as an essential concept for the spatiotemporal organisation of biomolecules in cells. However, classical descriptions of droplet dynamics based on passive liquid-liquid phase separation cannot capture the complex situation inside cells. This review discusses three distinct aspects that are crucial in cells: (i) biomolecules are diverse and individually complex, implying that cellular droplets possess complex internal behaviour, e.g., in terms of their material properties; (ii) the cellular environment contains many solid-like structures that droplets can wet; (iii) cells are alive and use fuel to drive processes out of equilibrium. We illustrate how these principles control droplet nucleation, growth, position, and count to unveil possible regulatory mechanisms in biological cells and other applications of phase separation.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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