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arXiv 2501.09337physics.flu-dyn
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一种用于毛细管中浓度驱动蒸发的新型模拟方法

A novel simulation approach for concentration-driven evaporation in capillaries

Phil Namesnik, Alexander Eifert, Anja Lippert, Louis Mett, Uwe Janoske

AI总结:

针对复杂几何结构中毛细驱动蒸发流动模拟难、传统方法误差大且耗时长的问题,提出一种结合Surface Evolver和OpenFOAM的半瞬态单向耦合模拟方法,可快速准确预测多种缝隙的蒸发速率,适用于工业场景。

摘要:

工业缝隙中因毛细效应导致的液体长时间滞留,会促进固体表面腐蚀,显著影响产品使用寿命。浓度驱动蒸发在缓解这种腐蚀方面发挥着重要作用。准确的蒸发速率预测对于改进产品设计至关重要。然而,在复杂几何结构中模拟伴随蒸发的毛细驱动流动极具挑战性,需要考虑表面张力、润湿和相变效应。传统方法(如Volume-of-Fluid方法,即流体体积法)容易出现曲率计算误差,且由于严格的时间步长限制,模拟耗时很长。\n本研究提出了一种新型半瞬态模拟方法,用于快速预测任意形状空腔中的蒸发速率。该方法采用单向耦合回路,在Surface Evolver(表面演化器)中模拟流体表面,并将其与OpenFOAM中的气体中蒸汽扩散模拟相结合。该方法假设蒸发速率仅根据给定液体填充高度的条件计算,无需考虑蒸发历史。这使得模拟可以高度并行化,实现约10分钟的模拟运行时间,即可覆盖长达150小时的物理时间。\n针对温度23°C、相对湿度17%条件下空气中的水蒸发过程,研究对内径范围为1 mm至13 mm的圆形和多边形毛细管开展了数值研究。结果经实验数据验证,显示出高度一致性。研究还针对与工业相关的复杂缝隙进行了模拟,证明了该方法适用于多种缝隙几何结构。

英文摘要:

Long liquid retention times in industrial gaps, due to capillary effects, significantly affect product lifetime by facilitating corrosion on solid surfaces. Concentration-driven evaporation plays a major role in mitigating this corrosion. Accurate evaporation rate predictions are crucial for improved product design. However, simulating capillary-driven flows with evaporation in complex geometries is challenging, requiring consideration of surface tension, wetting, and phase-change effects. Traditional approaches, such as the Volume-of-Fluid method, are prone to curvature calculation errors and have long simulation times due to strict time step limitations. This study introduces a novel semi-transient simulation approach for fast evaporation rate prediction in arbitrarily shaped cavities. The approach involves a unidirectional coupling circuit, simulating the fluid surface in Surface Evolver and combining it with a vapor-in-gas diffusion simulation in OpenFOAM. The approach assumes that the evaporation rate is calculated solely based on the conditions at a given liquid filling level, without considering the evaporation history. This allows for highly parallelized simulations, achieving simulation runtimes in the order of 10 min to cover up to 150 h of physical time. Numerical investigations are conducted for water evaporation in air at a temperature of 23°C and a relative humidity of 17%, for round and polygonal-shaped capillaries with inner diameters ranging from 1 mm to 13 mm. The results are validated using experimental data and show strong agreement. Simulations are also performed for complex industrial relevant gaps, demonstrating the applicability of the approach to a wide range of crevice geometries.

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