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arXiv 2501.09196stat.ME
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基于惩罚G估计的稳健后选择推断

Valid post-selection inference for penalized G-estimation

McGill University(麦吉尔大学);University of Pennsylvania(宾夕法尼亚大学);Centre Hospital of University of Montreal(蒙特利尔大学医院中心);University of Montreal(蒙特利尔大学)

Ajmery Jaman, Ashkan Ertefaie, Michèle Bally, Renée Lévesque, Robert W. Platt, Mireille E. Schnitzer

AI总结:

本文提出两种方法用于惩罚G估计的稳健后选择推断,探讨近端治疗效应的调节作用,通过模拟研究评估其有限样本性能。

摘要:

理解治疗效应异质性对医疗和临床实践中的决策以及处理各种工程和营销挑战至关重要。当处理高维协变量或效应调节因子未预定义且需发现时,数据自适应选择方法变得必要。然而,数据驱动的模型选择使统计不确定性量化复杂化,因为难以近似目标估计量的抽样分布。数据驱动的模型选择倾向于选择具有强效应调节因子的模型,导致I类错误膨胀。尽管已有几种框架和方法用于数据驱动模型选择后的普通最小二乘回归有效统计推断,但在因果建模背景下效应调节因子发现的有效推断选项较少。本文扩展了两种不同方法,以开发惩罚G估计的有效推断,探讨近端治疗效应的调节作用,基于结构嵌套均值模型框架。我们证明了所提出方法的渐近有效性。通过广泛的模拟研究,我们评估和比较所提出方法与基于 sandwich 方差估计器的朴素推断的有限样本性能。我们的工作受蒙特利尔大学医院研究终末期肾病患者血液透析滤过治疗的启发。我们应用这些方法推断透析设施对重复会话特定血液透析滤过结果的异质性效应。

英文摘要:

Understanding treatment effect heterogeneity is important for decision making in medical and clinical practices, or handling various engineering and marketing challenges. When dealing with high-dimensional covariates or when the effect modifiers are not predefined and need to be discovered, data-adaptive selection approaches become essential. However, with data-driven model selection, the quantification of statistical uncertainty is complicated by post-selection inference due to difficulties in approximating the sampling distribution of the target estimator. Data-driven model selection tends to favor models with strong effect modifiers with an associated cost of inflated type I errors. Although several frameworks and methods for valid statistical inference have been proposed for ordinary least squares regression following data-driven model selection, fewer options exist for valid inference for effect modifier discovery in causal modeling contexts. In this article, we extend two different methods to develop valid inference for penalized G-estimation that investigates effect modification of proximal treatment effects within the structural nested mean model framework. We show the asymptotic validity of the proposed methods. Using extensive simulation studies, we evaluate and compare the finite sample performance of the proposed methods and the naive inference based on a sandwich variance estimator. Our work is motivated by the study of hemodiafiltration for treating patients with end-stage renal disease at the Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal. We apply these methods to draw inference about the effect heterogeneity of dialysis facility on the repeated session-specific hemodiafiltration outcomes.

机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来,可能存在错误,请以论文正文为准。

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