政治光谱仪：美国意识形态版图的高分辨率检测
A Political Spectrograph: High-Resolution Examinations of the United States' Ideological Landscape
AI总结：
通过高分辨率测量方法（内部自我认同与政策立场一致性、外部观点意识形态评估）验证美国意识形态的一维左右谱系有效性，发现内部测量一致性高但政策立场测量更趋中自由化，外部评估虽嘈杂但跨观察者一致，支持公众将政治思想投射到共享一维空间。
摘要：
意识形态概念是政治话语和动态的核心，通常被认为主要落在从“左翼/自由派”到“右翼/保守派”的一维尺度上，但这种简单量化处理的有效性尚不确定。本文研究并比较了意识形态的各种高分辨率测量方法，包括内部测量（自我认同和政策立场一致性）和外部测量（估计政治观点陈述的意识形态立场）。我们发现内部测量之间具有很强的一致性，尽管相对于更抽象的“自由派/保守派”测量，政策立场一致性意识形态描绘出系统性的中间化和自由化图景。更值得注意的是，我们发现外部意识形态评估虽然嘈杂，但在不同观察者之间基本一致，即使对于高度不和谐的观点且无论说话者身份标记如何。这支持将这些响应用作有意义的、可比较的量，普通公众能够可靠地将这些量从政治思想的抽象空间投射到共享的一维领域。
英文摘要：
The concept of ideology is central to political discourse and dynamics, and is often cast as falling primarily on a one-dimensional scale from "left-wing/liberal" to "right-wing/conservative", but the validity of this simple quantitative treatment is uncertain. Here we investigate and compare various high-resolution measures of ideology, both internal (self-identification and policy-stance agreements) and external (estimating the ideological position of political opinion statements). We find strong consistency between internal measures, although policy-stance agreement ideology yields a systematically centralizing and liberalizing portrait relative to more abstract "liberal/conservative" measures. More remarkably, we find that external assessments of ideology, while noisy, are largely consistent across observers, even for highly dissonant ideas and regardless of speaker identity markers. This supports the use of these responses as meaningful, comparable quantities, which general members of the public reliably project from the abstract space of political thought onto a shared one-dimensional domain.
机构、总结、中文摘要均由AI分析而来，可能存在错误，请以论文正文为准。
