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arXiv 2501.08409hep-thgr-qc
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从洛伦兹路径积分与余维二奇异性看热力学稳定性

Thermodynamic stability from Lorentzian path integrals and codimension-two singularities

Hong Zhe Chen

AI总结:

本文研究如何通过洛伦兹路径积分中的约束鞍点与三类余维二奇异性,判定爱因斯坦-麦克斯韦理论中黑洞鞍点对热配分函数的贡献,并以三维时空为例给出路径积分计算方案。

摘要:

此前已有工作表明,引力热配分函数可以通过洛伦兹路径积分得到。与欧几里得情形不同,洛伦兹度规上的积分围道并不会立即被共形因子问题排除。于是可以追问:这个围道能否被形变,以从各种鞍点拾取非平凡贡献。在爱因斯坦-麦克斯韦理论中,我们论证每个黑洞鞍点对热配分函数的相关性取决于其在能量、角动量和电荷变化下的热力学稳定性。该论证需要考虑约束鞍点,其中面积以及与角动量和电荷相关的量被固定在一个余维二曲面上。因此,这个曲面不仅具有锥形奇异性,还具有另外两类奇异性。后者的特征是:当以度规正交且联络水平的方式绕曲面附近一周时,会获得沿曲面的平移以及沿麦克斯韦规范群的平移。我们首先一般性地研究这一扩大的余维二奇异性类,并为奇异构型提出一个作用量。然后我们将这些构型纳入配分函数的路径积分计算中,并聚焦于三维时空以简化对角动量的处理。

英文摘要:

It has previously been shown how the gravitational thermal partition function can be obtained from a Lorentzian path integral. Unlike the Euclidean case, the integration contour over Lorentzian metrics is not immediately ruled out by the conformal factor problem. One can then ask whether this contour can be deformed to pick up nontrivial contributions from various saddle points. In Einstein-Maxwell theory, we argue that the relevance of each black hole saddle to the thermal partition function depends on its thermodynamic stability against variations in energy, angular momentum, and charge. The argument involves consideration of constrained saddles where area and quantities associated with angular momentum and charge are fixed on a codimension-two surface. Consequently, this surface possesses not only a conical singularity, but two other types of singularities. The latter are characterized by shifts along the surface and along the Maxwell gauge group acquired as one winds around near the surface in a metric-orthogonal and connection-horizontal manner. We first study this enlarged class of codimension-two singularities in generality and propose an action for singular configurations. We then incorporate these configurations into the path integral calculation of the partition function, focusing on three-dimensional spacetimes to simplify the treatment of angular momentum.

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