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arXiv 2203.07421hep-thgr-qc
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没有共形因子问题的引力热力学:由洛伦兹路径积分得到的配分函数和欧几里得鞍

Gravitational thermodynamics without the conformal factor problem: Partition functions and Euclidean saddles from Lorentzian Path Integrals

Donald Marolf

摘要:

引力系统的热配分函数传统上是用欧几里德路径积分来研究的。但在欧几里得签名中,引力作用量受到共形因子问题的困扰,这使得作用量在下面无界。这使得很难把欧几里德公式作为基本公式。然而,尽管热引力配分函数与周期性虚时间有着相似的联系,但它也可以用真实洛伦兹度规定义的等值线上的实时路径积分来描述。一个警告是,我们应该允许某些余维2奇点类似于熟悉的欧几里德圆锥奇点。有了这样的理解,我们表明,通常的欧几里得签名黑洞(或其复杂的旋转类似物)定义鞍点的实时路径积分计算我们的配分函数。此外,当黑洞具有正比热时,我们提供的证据表明,我们的积分的真实洛伦兹签名轮廓的余维2子轮廓可以被变形,从而表明这些黑洞鞍贡献与非零权重的半经典极限,这也是如此的其余两个积分。

英文摘要:

Thermal partition functions for gravitational systems have traditionally been studied using Euclidean path integrals. But in Euclidean signature the gravitational action suffers from the conformal factor problem, which renders the action unbounded below. This makes it difficult to take the Euclidean formulation as fundamental. However, despite their familiar association with periodic imaginary time, thermal gravitational partition functions can also be described by real-time path integrals over contours defined by real Lorentzian metrics. The one caveat is that we should allow certain codimension-2 singularities analogous to the familiar Euclidean conical singularities. With this understanding, we show that the usual Euclidean-signature black holes (or their complex rotating analogues) define saddle points for the real-time path integrals that compute our partition functions. Furthermore, when the black holes have positive specific heat, we provide evidence that a codimension-2 subcontour of our real Lorentz-signature contour of integration can be deformed so as to show that these black holes saddles contribute with non-zero weight to the semiclassical limit, and that the same is then true of the remaining two integrals.

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